Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

solution

A

mixture, no chemical changes

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2
Q

homogenous

A

un distinguishable parts

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3
Q

heterogenous

A

non uniform distribution

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4
Q

solute

A

gets dissolved

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5
Q

solvent

A

does dissolving

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6
Q

aqueous

A

solvent is water

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7
Q

alloy

A

solution of 2 or more metals

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8
Q

gaseous solution

A

solid, liquid, or gas dissolved in gas

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9
Q

solid solution

A

solid, liquid, or gas dissolved in solid

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10
Q

suspensions

A

hertero mixture when solute particles are too large to entirely dissolve

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11
Q

colloids

A

hetero mixtures with properties between suspensions and solutions

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12
Q

electrolytes

A

solutes that break down into ions

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13
Q

solvation

A

when a solvent pulls the solute particles away from each other “like dissolves like”
depends on temperature
pressure when gas is solute

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14
Q

Henry’s Law

A

pressure above a gas is directly proportional to the solubility of the gas

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15
Q

Heat of solution

A

solvation gives off heat of absorbs

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16
Q

exothermic

A

release of enegery

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17
Q

endothermic

A

absorption of energy

18
Q

heat of solution

A

amount of energy produced or consumed by the formation of a solution

19
Q

saturated solution

A

contains max. solute dissolved in current conditions

20
Q

unsaturated solution

A

contains less than max. solute dissolved in current conditions

21
Q

supersaturated solution

A

contains more than max. solute that can normally be dissolved

22
Q

concentration

A

how much solute is dissolved in a solution

23
Q

molarity

A

mols solute/ liter solution

24
Q

molality

A

mole solute/ kg solvent

25
Q

mole fraction

A

mols solute/ mols solution

26
Q

solubility

A

amount of solute required to form saturated solution

27
Q

surface area

A

larger the surface area available the faster solute dissolves

28
Q

stirring

A

puts more solvent particles in contact with solute

29
Q

tempertaure

A

higher temperature means more kinetic energy in the solution, therefore more interactions between solute and solvent

30
Q

dissociation

A

separation of ions that occurs when ionic compounds dissolve- creates electrolyte

31
Q

insoluble compounds

A

ionic compounds that don’t dissolve in water

32
Q

precipitation

A

two dissolved compounds create a solid to form and settle

33
Q

spectator ions

A

ions that do not take place in chemical reaction

34
Q

ionization

A

formation of ions in solution from covalently bonded molecules

35
Q

strong electrolyte/ acid

A

dissociates 100%

36
Q

colligative properties

A

properties of solutions that change due to concentration of solute particles, independent of nature of solute

37
Q

freezing point depression

A

lower in freezing point of solution when solute added

38
Q

boiling point elevation

A

rise in boiling point of solution with solute

39
Q

vapor pressure reduction

A

reduction of vapor pressure of solvent above the liquid

40
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pressure produced by diffusion of water down a concentration gradient

41
Q

Raoult’s Law

A

vapor pressure of solution is inversely proportional to the concentration of non-volatile solutions

42
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water from high concentration to lower