Chapter 11 Flashcards
True breeding
Able to produce offspring identical to themselves
Fertilization
When egg and sperm join and produces a new cell
Trait
Specific characteristic that varies in individuals
Hybrid
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Genes
Chemical factors that determine traits
Alleles
Different forms of a gene
Principle of dominance
Some alleles are dominant, others recessive
Segregation
When two alleles segregate from eachother so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene
Phenotype
Physical characteristics
Genotype
Genetic makeup ex: GG
Independent assortment
Genes for different traits segregate independently because they’re located on different chromosomes
Incomplete dominance
Phenotype is a blend of both parents
Ex: red and white flowers=pink flowers
Random fertilization
Randomness of fertilization of egg by sperm
Codominance
Offspring show neither phenotype and both alleles are dominant
Multiple alleles
Over 2 alleles control a trait
Polygenic traits
Having many genes, ex: skin & eye color
Homologous
Each of the 4 chromosomes from male parent has corresponding chromosome from female parent
Meiosis
Process of reduction division where number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes in diploid cell
Tetrad
Structure where chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome
Mitosis results
Results in production of two genetically identical diploid cells
Meiosis results
Produces four genetically different haploid cells
