Chapter 11 Flashcards
Regarding the Industrial rev., What? Where? When?
A series of improvements in industrial technology, transformed the process of manu. goods. UK in the late 1700s then diffused to Southern Scotland during the 2nd century. Europe+NA in the 19th century -other regions=20th century
Define cottage industry
Home-based manu.
How did the iron industry benefit from the steam engine?
The steam engine fixed the problem of the difficulty to produce iron bc ovens had to be constantly heated
How is the distribution of steel and iron industry influenced by coal?
W/o coal the steam engine and oven would not have a source of energy resulting in no distribution of steel+iron
Why was development in transportation necessary?
Trans. brought in workers that brought in bulky raw materials such as iron ore+coal+ shipped finished goods to consumers
What two forms of transportation grew rapidly?
1.Canals 2.Railroads
How did the industrial rev. change textiles?
Transformed from a dispersed cottage industry to a concentrated factory system
just a side note about machinery
There was a machine invented to untangle cotton prior to spinning
How did the industrial revolution and factory system contribute to the need for food processing
Canned food was essential to feed factory workers. Workers were used to growing their own food when they lived on farms
U.K. on industrial dev.
I.R. began here. Steel+textiles=19th century -country has attracted international investment through new high tech industries that serve the European markets
Rhine-Ruhr industrial dev.
Iron+steel bc of proximity to large coalfields -Rotterdam=worlds largest port, lies at the mouth of several branches of the Rhine river as it flows into the North Sea.
Mid-Rhine industrial rev.
Europe’s most centrally located industrial area -Frankfurt=financially+commercial center+hub of Germany’s transport network -Stuttgart= high value goods -Mannheim=chemical industry, synthetic fiber-dyes, pharmaceuticals *skilled labor *2nd most imp. goods place for comm+finan. centers
Po Basin industrial rev.
Attracted textiles bc of *1. Numerous workers willing to accept lower wages+inexpensive hydroelectricity from the nearby Alps *N. Italy, low wage workers -machinery=hydro.
N.E. Spain industrial rev.
Fastest-growing manu. area=20th century. -Catalonia=leading industrial area=center of Spain’s textile industry and the country’s largest motor vehicle plant
Moscow industrial rev.
Russia’s oldest industrial region centered around the country’s capital and largest city *textiles
St. Petersburg industrial rev.
2nd largest city -specializes in shipbuilding and other industries serving Russia’s as navy+ports in the Baltic Sea
Urals industrial rev.
Has the world’s most varied collection of minerals -minerals attracted iron+steel, chemicals, machinery, and metal fabricating plants -1000 diff. types of minerals
Volga industrial rev.
contains Russia’s largest petroleum natural gas fields -NE= Ural mount. has more than 1,000 types of minerals, most varied collection found in any mining region in the world
Kuznetsk industrial dev.
Russia’s most imp. manu. district east of the Ural mount. w/t the country’s largest reserve of coal+an abundant supply of iron ore coal+iron ore= steel manu.
Donetsk industrial dev.
In eastern Ukraine, has one of the worlds largest coal reserves+natural gas, iron ore
Silesia industrial dev.
Most rapidly growing industrial area, takes advantage of a skilled but low-paid work force+proximity to wealthy markets in Western Europe -steel pro. good amt. of coal, iron ore is imported
New England industrial rev.
A cotton textile=early 19th century -cotton=imported from Southern states, finished, cotton products were shipped to Europe
Middle Atlantic industrial dev.
Largest U.S. market -region attracts industries that need proximity to a large # of consumers+depend on foreign trade through one of this region’s large ports
Mohawk valley industrial dev.
A linear industrial belt in upper NY, takes adv. of inexpensive electricity generated at nearby Niagara falls Steel+food pro.
Pittsburgh-Lake-Erie industrial dev.
Leading steel-producing area in the 19th century bc of its proximity to Appalachian coal+iron ore steel hub
Western Great Lakes industrial dev.
Centered in-Chicago- is the hub of the nation’s transportation network and is now the center of steel production, any trans.+thru Great Lakes
Southern California industrial dev.
Largest area of clothing+textile production the 2nd largest furniture producer+a major food processing center
Southeastern Ohio industrial dev.
Most imp. industrial area. -Central to the Canadian+U.S. markets+near the Great Lakes+Niagara Falls -access to Canadian market -proximity to Great Lakes
Japan industrial dev.
Industrial power in 1950s+1960s by producing goods that could be sold in large quantities at cut-rate prices to consumers in other countries -Manu.=b/w Tokyo and Nagasaki in the Central region
China Industrial dev.
World’s largest supply of low cost labor Worlds largest market for many consumer products -Manu= Near Guangdong+Hong Kong in the Yangtze River Valley b/w Shanghai+Wuhah and along the Gulf of BoHai from Tianjn+Beijing to Shenyang
South Korea industrial dev.
Leading producer of ocean-going ships -Manu=centered along the rim of the country b/w the capital+largest city=Seoul+Busan, the largest port, followed Japan’s lead in focusing on export, oriented manufacturers.
Define situation factors
Transportation costs
Define site factors
location factors related to land, labor, capital
What is a bulk-reducing industry?
inputs weigh more than the products- Ex: copper
What is a bulk gaining industry?
Final product weighs more than the inputs ex: beverages,steel
Give 2 examples of bulk gaining industry
- Fabricated metals: Factory brings metals as inputs and transforms them into a more complex product
- Beverage production: Input placed in a beverage container is water- (bulky), added ingredients are much less bulky than the water and much easier to transport
Specialized manufacturers make products that are designed to be sold primarily to
one or two customers
