Chapter 11

Question 0

A group of people born at about the same time and exposed to the same societal events

Answer 0

Cohort

Question 1

In a single case design, the subjects behavior during a control period before introduction of the experimental manipulation

Answer 1

Baseline

Question 2

An extension of the interrupted time series quasi–experimental design in which there is a comparison or control group

Answer 2

Control series design

Question 3

A developmental research method in which persons of different ages are studied at only one point in time

Answer 3

Cross sectional method

Question 4

Once a program is shown to have its intended effect researchers must determine whether it is worth the resources it consumes

Answer 4

Efficiency assessment

Question 5

As a threat to the internal validity of an experiment, refers to any outside event that is not part of the manipulation that could be responsible for the results

Answer 5

History effect

Question 6

The possibility that a change in the characteristics of the measurement instrument including human observers is responsible for the results

Answer 6

Instrument decay

Question 7

A design in which the effectiveness of the treatment is determined by examining a series of measurements made over an extended time. Both before and after the treatment is introduced

Answer 7

Interrupted time series design

Question 8

A developmental research method in which the same person’s are observed repeatedly as they grow older

Answer 8

Longitudinal method

Question 9

The possibility that any naturally occurring change with in the individual is responsible for the results

Answer 9

Maturation effect

Question 10

Observing behavior before and after a manipulation under multiple circumstances across different individuals different behaviors or different settings

Answer 10

Multiple baseline design

Question 11

Studies that ask whether there are in fact problems that need to be addressed in a target population

Answer 11

Needs assessment

Question 12

A quasi-experimental design in which non-equivalent groups of subjects participate in the different experimental groups and there is no pretest

Answer 12

Non-equivalent control group design

Question 13

A quasi-experimental experimental design in which non-equivalent groups are used but a pretest allows assessment of equivalency and pretest post test changes

Answer 13

Non-equivalent control group pretest posttest design

Question 14

Quasi experimental design that has no control group and no pretest comparison

Answer 14

One group post test only design

Question 15

A quasi – experimental design in which the effect of an independent variable is inferred from the pretest posttest difference in a single group

Answer 15

One group pretest posttest design

Question 16

assesses if the intended outcomes of the program have been realized

Answer 16

Outcome assessment

Question 17

Researchers monitor a program to determine if it is reaching the target population whether it is attracting enough clients and whether the staff is providing the planned services

Answer 17

Process evaluation

Question 18

Research designed to assess procedures that are designed to produce certain changes or outcomes in a target population

Answer 18

Program evaluation

Question 19

Involves a collaboration of researchers, service providers, and prospective clients of the program to determine that the proposed program does in fact address the needs of the target population in appropriate ways

Answer 19

Program theory assessment

Question 20

A method of pairing individuals for assignment to a treatment and control condition based upon a combination of scores on participant variables

Answer 20

Propensity score matching

Question 21

A type of design that approximates the control features of true experiments to infer that a given treatment did have its intended effect

Answer 21

quasi-experimental design

Question 22

principle that extreme scores on a variable tend to be closer to the mean when a second measurement is made

Answer 22

Regression towards the mean

Question 23

A single case design in which the treatment is introduced after a baseline. And then withdrawn during a second baseline.

Answer 23

Reversal design

Question 24

A combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal design to study developmental research questions

Answer 24

Sequential method

Question 25

An experiment in which the effect of the independent variable is assessed using data from a single participant

Answer 25

Single case experiment

Question 26

A threat to internal validity in which taking a pretest change his behavior without any affect on the independent variable

Answer 26

Testing effect