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Biology 10th(olivia) > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

built- in maintenance of a stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

system of the body designed for homeostasis

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

covers the outside of the body

A

skin

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4
Q

the part of the skin that is exposed to the environment

A

epidermis

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5
Q

a build up of epidermal cells

A

callus

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6
Q

a tough, water-proof protein fiber, is manufactured in the cytoplasm, strengthening and hardening the cell

A

keratin

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7
Q

the pigment of the skin

A

melanin

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8
Q

the second layer of the skin

A

dermis

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9
Q

underneath the dermis is also the layer of tissue

A

subcutaneous layer

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10
Q

a natural process that protects your skin from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun

A

tanning

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11
Q

a painful inflammation resulting from toxic substances released by dead or damaged skin cells

A

sunburn

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12
Q

one of the most serious types of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

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13
Q

the oil that waterproofs your skiing and keeps it soft and flexible

A

sebum

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14
Q

helps regulate the body’s temperature (helps cool the body off)

A

sweet glands

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15
Q

the removal of waste substance from the body

A

excretion

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16
Q

liquid waste

A

urine

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17
Q

most important excretory organs

A

kidneys

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18
Q

the tubes that urine passes through

A

ureters

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19
Q

stores urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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20
Q

a microscopic network of blood vessels

A

nephrons

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21
Q

the process of fluid getting filtered into the blood

A

reabsorption

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22
Q

the enzymes that the kidneys produces if your blood pressure drops too low

A

renin

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23
Q

production of the hypothalamus, resulting in too much urine output

A

ADH(antidiuretic)

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24
Q

allows efficient control of the entire body over longer periods of time

A

endocrine

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25
Q

manufacture and secrete their product into the blood

A

endocrine glands

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26
Q

the messengers produced by the endocrine glands

A

hormones

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27
Q

the master gland

A

pituitary gland

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28
Q

growth hormones

A

somatotropin

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29
Q

regulates the rate of chemical activity in the body’s cells

A

thyroid gland

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30
Q

a hormone that regulates general activities related to metabolism

A

thyroxine

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31
Q

swelling in the neck

A

simple goiter

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32
Q

produces the pancreatic hormone insulin

A

islets of langerhans

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33
Q

results when the pancreas does not produce adequate amounts of insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

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34
Q

increased amount when you are excited or alarmed and has a marked influence on your body

A

epinephrine

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35
Q

another name for epinephrine

A

adrenaline

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36
Q

the hormones that the outer shell of the adrenal glands produce

A

steroids

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37
Q

the regulation of the body’s waking and sleeping cycles

A

pineal gland

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38
Q

designed to carry out the process of fertilization to form a new living thing

A

reproductive system

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39
Q

sperm cells and egg cells

A

gametes

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40
Q

main reproductive organs

A

gonads

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41
Q

the time of physical transition from child to adult

A

adolescence

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42
Q

the stage which the reproductive organs mature and the person a becomes physically able to reproduce

A

puberty

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43
Q

the man hormone produces by the testes

A

testosterone

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44
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

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45
Q

primary female reproductive hormones

A

estrogens

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46
Q

a hollow muscular organ in the lower abdomen

A

uterus

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47
Q

fertilization

A

conception

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48
Q

38-40 week period from conception to birth

A

gestation

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49
Q

unborn child

A

embryo

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50
Q

from the ninth week of development until birth

A

fetus

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51
Q

protects the child as he develops

A

amniotic fluid

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52
Q

placenta that connects to the body

A

umbilical cord

53
Q

process of birth

A

labor

54
Q

chemicals process of life

A

metabolism

55
Q

the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell, provide most of the energy for living things

A

carbohydrates

56
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

57
Q

group of compounds characterized by their insolubility in water

A

lipids

58
Q

used to cut, break, or crush food

A

teeth

59
Q

the most common disease in man

A

dental caries

60
Q

the liquid portion of the blood

A

plasma

61
Q

movement of blood through your kidneys

A

renal circulation

62
Q

movement of blood between the heart and the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

63
Q

high blood pressure because it exceeds normal measures

A

hypertension

64
Q

the results in the partial or complete inability to form blood clots

A

hemophilia

65
Q

universal donor

A

O-

66
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

67
Q

the world most efficient pump

A

heart

68
Q

a thick wall blood vessel that transports blood away from your heart

A

arteries

69
Q

what is the study of living things

A

biology

70
Q

what is the root system with one large root

A

taproot system

71
Q

What is the type of plant whose flowers produce seeds covered with fruit

A

angiosperm

72
Q

what is a plant that lives for a single growing season

A

annual

73
Q

What is a plant that loses his sleeves during the winter

A

Deciduous

74
Q

What is the visible part of the plant

A

shoot system

75
Q

What are the developing leaf or stem structures

A

bud

76
Q

Organisms that produce their own food

A

Producers/ autotrophs

77
Q

The process of plants making their own food

A

Photosynthesis

78
Q

transfer of pollen from statement to pistol

A

Pollination

79
Q

Union of sperm and egg cells

A

Fertilization

80
Q

Fruit that is fleshy and juicy throughout

A

Berry

81
Q

Fruit of the grass family

A

grain

82
Q

The period of inactivity for seeds

A

dormancy

83
Q

Growth in length of a plant

A

primary growth

84
Q

older, inner wood, that no longer conducts sap

A

heartwood

85
Q

Thick, horizontal underground stems

A

Rhizome

86
Q

The special stem used for protection

A

thorn

87
Q

What covers the end of a root

A

root cap

88
Q

One way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

89
Q

A seed not covered by the walls of an ovary

A

Gymnosperm

90
Q

Uses both sexual and asexual reproduction for a plant

A

Alternation of generations

91
Q

Tiny hair like threads that take the place of roots for mosses

A

rhizoids

92
Q

The smallest of green chlorophyll containing organisms

A

Algae

93
Q

The largest of the brown algae

A

kelp

94
Q

Organisms that get nutrients from other organisms that they feed on

A

Parasites

95
Q

an organism that obtains its nutrients from feeding on dead or decaying things

A

saprophyte

96
Q

A group of organs that perform a job for the body

A

system

97
Q

The body’s defense against foreign invaders

A

immune system

98
Q

Provide support and rigidity for the body

A

skeletal system

99
Q

Responsible for the continuation of the human race

A

Reproductive system

100
Q

Nonliving material surrounding cells

A

matrix

101
Q

Tissue that Connect bone to bone

A

ligament

102
Q

Tough rubbery substance that cushions the joints

A

Cartilage

103
Q

The longest bone in the body

A

femur

104
Q

Strong cable of fibers that connects muscles and bones

A

tendon

105
Q

The type of bone used for protection

A

flat bones

106
Q

The part of the body that manufactures red and white blood cell cells

A

red bone marrow

107
Q

Most freely movable joints in the body

A

ball and socket

108
Q

The muscle cells in the heart

A

cardiac

109
Q

The largest and strongest muscle in the body

A

Gluteus maximus

110
Q

The degeneration of muscles through the lack of use

A

atrophy

111
Q

The enlargement of muscle muscles through
use

A

Hypertrophy

112
Q

The principal organ of the nervous system

A

brain

113
Q

Contains the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

114
Q

These rarely reproduce

A

neurons

115
Q

The inability of a muscle to move

A

Paralysis

116
Q

Characterized by tremors and stiffness

A

Parkinson’s disease

117
Q

The simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

118
Q

The complex muscle coordination is done here

A

Cerebellum

119
Q

Says that a person’s actions can be completely explained by a person stimuli

A

Behaviorism

120
Q

organ responsible for taste

A

taste buds

121
Q

Organs responsible for taste

A

Olfactory nerve

122
Q

Nerve that Connects the eyes to the brain

A

Optic nerve

123
Q

The cell in your eye that allows you to see color

A

cones

124
Q

Cells in your eye that allows you to see shades of gray and black-and-white only

A

rods

125
Q

The primary organ in digestion

A

small intestines

126
Q

a series of automatic, wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

127
Q

signals delivered to remove glucose from the blood

A

insulin

128
Q

circulation to the liver

A

portal circulation

129
Q

most common respiratory illness

A

common cold

Biology 10th(olivia) (2 decks)

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