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Government Midterm > Chapter 11-17 & State Government > Flashcards

Chapter 11-17 & State Government Flashcards

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0
Q

Geographical area in a state represented by a House member

A

Congressional District

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1
Q

The process of redrawing congressional district lines to reflect population shifts

A

Reapportionment

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2
Q

Legislative districts from which only one representative is chosen

A

Single Member District

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3
Q

An elected official who represents an en- tire state rather than a particular district

A

At-Large District

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4
Q

Historically, the representatives at the Constitutional Convention

A

Delegates

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5
Q

temporary alliance of several groups

A

Coalition

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6
Q

The leader chosen by the party with the most members in the House or Senate

A

Majority Leader

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7
Q

The leader chosen by the party with the second most members in the House or Senate

A

Minority Leader

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8
Q

In the House and Senate, the assistant majority leader chosen by the party with the most seats in that body of Congress

A

Majority Whip

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9
Q

In the House and Senate, the as- sistant minority leader chosen by the party with the second most seats in that body of Congress

A

Minority Whip

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10
Q

Head of the House of Representatives who presides over the House, manages House business, and serves as the official spokesman for the House

A

Speaker of the House

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11
Q

Permanent committees in Congress

A

Standing Committees

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12
Q

Temporary congressional committees created for a specific purpose, usually to investigate particular problems

A

Select Committees

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13
Q

Permanent committees composed of House and Senate members acting as an advisory board for other committees, especially on tax issues

A

Joint Committees

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14
Q

Tactic used in the Senate to prevent or delay a bill’s passage

A

Filibuster

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15
Q

motion made by sixteen or more senators to stop debate on a piece of legislation

A

Cloture

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16
Q

Formal statement of a party’s position on current issues

A

Party Platform

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17
Q

The practice of choosing a running mate based on specific ideology, geography, race, gender, or other characteristics in order to strengthen one’s own chance of being elected

A

Balance the Ticket

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18
Q

The election used to fill elective offices

A

General Election

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19
Q

Public opinion polls taken by various polling agencies as voters leave their polling place; used to predict election outcomes

A

Exit Polls

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20
Q

Special speech given by the president after he is sworn into office

A

Inaugural Address

21
Q

The president’s power to give complete forgiveness of a crime and its consequent punishment, thereby releasing someone from the remainder of his or her sentence

A

Pardons

22
Q

Government activities not made known to the public

A

Covert Operations

23
Q

Annual speech, given by the president before a joint session of the House and Senate, which establishes the president’s legislative agenda

A

State of the Union

24
Q

no person can be elected to more than two four-year terms as President

A

22nd Amendment

25
Q

President’s principal forum for considering foreign policy matters

A

National Security Council

26
Q

the division of the Executive Office of the President that prepares and administers the federal budget

A

Office of Management and Budget

27
Q

Offices of the executive branch developed to assist the president in his constitutional duties and to meet the demands of America’s growth

A

Cabinet

28
Q

the administration of the law or authority with having the quality of being fair and reasonable

A

Justice

29
Q

law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent

A

Common Law

30
Q

court decision that serves to guide subsequent decisions in related cases

A

Precedents

31
Q

revelation of God’s law through creation

A

Natural Law

32
Q

The division of the judicial system into national, state, and local courts

A

Judicial Federalism

33
Q

the lowest level US federal court

A

District Courts

34
Q

jury consisting of a panel of citizens who consider the jury consisting of a panel of citizens who consider the prosecution’s case against the accused and decide whether to issue an indictment prosecution’s case against the accused and decide whether to issue an indictment

A

Grand Jury

35
Q

Judges of the Supreme Court

A

Justices

36
Q

Literally “to make certain,” a request that the Supreme Court consider a lower court decision

A

Writ of Certiorari

37
Q

written opinion justifying and clarifying a Supreme Court decision

A

Majority Opinion

38
Q

written opinion of those Supreme Court justices voting in the minority

A

Dissenting Opinion

39
Q

a custom whereby presidential appointments are confirmed only if there is no objection to them by the senators from the appointee’s state

A

Senatorial Courtesy

40
Q

Constitutional clause that upholds the United States Constitution as the supreme law of the nation

A

Supremacy Clause

41
Q

the elected executive head of a state of the US.

A

Governor

42
Q

A petition procedure by which voters may remove an elected official from office

A

Recall

43
Q

A process by which a legistlative measure is referred to the State’s voters for final approval or rejection

A

Referendum

44
Q

of or relating to a state governor or the office of state governor

A

Gubernatorial

45
Q

Chief clerk and record-keeper

A

Secretary of State

46
Q

Custodian of state funds

A

Treasure

47
Q

Chief lawyer for the state

A

Attorney general

48
Q

Stands on the lowest level of the state judicial system

A

Justice of peace

49
Q

Handles minor civil complains and misdemeanor cases in an urban setting

A

Magistrate

50
Q

A trial in which the judge alone hears the case

A

Bench trial

Government Midterm (1 decks)

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