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MSE 2034 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of cast iron?

A
  • Gray
  • Ductile
  • White
  • Malleable
  • Compacted graphite
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of gray iron?

A
  • Graphite flakes
  • Weak & brittle in tension
  • Stronger in compression
  • Excellent vibrational dampening
  • Wear resistant
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of ductile iron?

A
  • Mg and/or Ce is added
  • Graphite nodules
  • Matrix is often pearlite which is stronger but less ductile
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of white iron?

A
  • Less than 1 weight % Si
  • Pearlite + cementite
  • Very hard
  • Very brittle
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of malleable iron?

A
  • Heat-treated white iron at 800 - 900 deg C
  • Graphite in rosettes
  • Reasonably strong and ductile
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6
Q

What are the limitations of ferrous alloys?

A
  • Relatively high densities
  • Relatively low electrical conductivity
  • Generally poor corrosion resistance
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of compacted graphite iron?

A
  • Relatively high thermal conductivity
  • Good resistance to thermal shock
  • Lower oxidation at elevated temperatures
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8
Q

What is a ferrous alloy?

A

A metal alloy where iron is the primary component (steels 0 - 1.4 wt% C and cast irons 3 - 4.5 wt% C)

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9
Q

What is a nonferrous alloy?

A

A metal alloy where iron is not the primary component

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10
Q

What are the types of nonferrous alloys?

A
  • Cu
  • Al
  • Ti
  • Mg
  • Noble
  • Refractory
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11
Q

Copper alloys

A
  • Brass (corrosion resistant)
  • Bronze
  • Cu-Be (hardened)
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12
Q

Aluminum alloys

A
  • Low density
  • Solid solution or precipitant
  • Strengthened
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13
Q

Magnesium alloys

A
  • Very low densities
  • Ignites easily/highly flammable
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14
Q

Titanium alloys

A
  • Relatively low densities
  • Reactive at high temperatures
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15
Q

Noble metals

A
  • Ag, Au, Pt
  • Oxidization/corrosion resistant
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16
Q

Refractory metals

A
  • Nb, Mo, W, Ta
  • High melting temperatures
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17
Q

What are the types of metal fabrication methods?

A
  • Forming (rough stock shaped)
  • Casting (molten metal molded)
  • Miscellaneous (powder metallurgy and welding)
18
Q

What are the types of metal forming?

A
  • Forging (hammering or stamping)
  • Rolling (hot or cold)
  • Drawing (pulling)
  • Extrusion (pushing)
18
Q

What is the difference between hot and cold working?

A

Hot working
- Deformation temperature high enough for recrystallization
- Large deformations

Cold working
- Deformation below recrystallization temperature
- Strain hardening occurs
- Small deformations

19
Q

What are the characteristics of metal casting?

A
  • Metal is melted in a furnace where alloying elements may be added, then cast in a mold
  • Common and inexpensive
  • Good production of shapes
  • Weaker products, often have internal defects
  • Good option for brittle materials
20
Q

What are the types of metal casting?

A
  • Sand casting (large parts)
  • Investment casting (low-volume, complex shapes)
  • Die casting (high volume, low melting temps)
  • Continuous casting (simple shapes)
21
Q

What is investment casting?

A

1) Plaster of paris poured and hardened around wax pattern
2) Wax melts, leaving hollow plaster mold
3) Molten metal poured in and solidified

22
Q

What is powder metallurgy?

A
  • Good for intricate/precise shapes
    1) Compaction of metal powders
    2) Densification heat treatment
23
Q

What is welding?

A

A technique for joining metals in which the actual melting of the pieces to be joined occurs in the vicinity of the bond. A filler metal may be used to facilitate the process.

24
Q

What is the heat-affected zone?

A

The region in which the microstructure has been changed by welding

25
Q

What is annealing?

A

Heating a metal and then allowing it to slowly cool, changes the microstructure and properties of the metal

26
Q

What are the types of annealing?

A
  • Stress relief
  • Spheroidize
  • Full anneal
  • Process anneal
  • Normalize
27
Q

What is the purpose of stress relief annealing?

A

To reduce stresses from plastic deformation, nonuniform cooling, or phase transformation

28
Q

What is the purpose of spheroidizing?

A

To make very soft steels for machining, achieved by heating just below the eutectoid temperature and holding for 15-25 hours

29
Q

What is the purpose of full annealing?

A

To make soft steels for forming by heating to form austenite then furnace cooling to form coarse pearlite

30
Q

What is the purpose of process annealing?

A

To negate the effects of cold working by recovery/recrystallization

31
Q

What is the purpose of normalizing?

A

To decrease grain size by deforming steel, heat treating to allow for recrystallization, then smaller grains form

32
Q

What is quenching?

A

A type of heat treatment where metal is cooled rapidly by a fluid

33
Q

What is tempering?

A

The metal being treated, using this process, is heated under its critical point temperature and then air-cooled. Increases strength and ductility

34
Q

What is hardenability?

A
  • The measure of a material’s ability to form martensite or be heat treated
  • Jominy end quench test is used
35
Q

How does hardness change with distance?

A

Hardness decreases as distance increases

36
Q

Why does hardness change with distance?

A

The cooling rate decreases with distance from the quenched end

37
Q

What are three common quenching mediums?

A
  • Air
  • Oil
  • Water
38
Q

Rank the severity of quench/hardness from least to greatest

A
  • Air
  • Oil
  • Water
39
Q

What are the effects of an increasing surface area to volume ratio?

A
  • Interior cooling rate increases
  • Interior hardness increases
40
Q

What is precipitation hardening?

A

Hardening/strengthening due to the formation of precipitate particles

41
Q

How is hardenability affected by alloy content?

A

Hardenability increases with increasing alloy content

MSE 2034 (15 decks)

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