Chapter 11-14 Flashcards
chemical released that enables a nerve impulse to cross a synapse
neurotransmitter
gap between cells
synaptic cleft
site the responds to neurotransmitter
receptor
3 structural classifications of neurons
Multipolar - found in the CNS
Bipolar
Unipolar - found in the PNS
What is the function of sensory (afferent) neurons?
conduct impulses to CNS
What is the function of motor (efferent) neurons?
carry impulses from CNS out to muscles and glands
What is the function of interneurons?
relay info. within the CNS
Muscle or gland that responds to a stimulus
effector
the CNS consist of what?
brain and spinal cord
the PNS consist of what?
cranial and spinal nerves
nonconducting cells that protect and support
neuroglia or glial cells
What are the functional cells of the nervous system?
neurons
What are the neuron fibers that conduct impulses to the cell body?
dendrites
What are the neuron fibers that conduct impulses away from the cell body?
axons
What is the fatty material covering some axons that insulates and protects the fiber
myelin
spaces or gaps between the myelin sheath
nodes
outermost thin coating of schwann cells
neurilemma
point of junction for transmission of the nerve impulse
synapse
active pump pumping ions that opposite direction they want to flow to keep nerve fiber at polarized state
sodium/potassium pump
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
How many pairs of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves are there?
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
network of vessels or nerves
plexuses
how many pairs of cranial nerves?
12 pairs
Voluntary nervous system that controls skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system
Involuntary nervous system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Autonomic nervous system
layers of connective tissue
meninges
thickest and outermost membrane
dura mater
thin membrane, spidery appearance
arachnoid
deepest membrane, right up against cerebrum
pia mater
What is formed in spaces within the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
What is the largest part of the brain (divided by longitudinal fissure)?
cerebrum
What allows transmission of impulses from left side of the brain to the right side and vice versa
corpus callosum
outside edges of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
What lobe of the brain is the motor area which controls movement and speech?
frontal lobe
What lobe is the sensory area (touch, pain, temp)?
parietal
What lobe is the auditory area?
temporal
What lobe is the visual area?
occipital
Cortex folds form elevated portions called what?
gyri or gyrus
Gyri are separated by shallow grooves called what?
sulci or sulcus
What sulcus is between the frontal and parietal lobes
central
What sulcus separates that temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?
lateral
a very deep groove
fissure
What fissure separates the right and left hemispheres?
longitudinal
What fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
transverse fissure
what is the extension of dura mater between cerebral hemispheres?
falx cerebri
Where is the diencephalon located?
superior to the brain stem
What part of the diencephalon directs sensory impulses to the cortex?
thalamus
What part of the diencephalon maintains homeostasis, controls pituitary, controls body temp., sleep, appetite and some emotions?
hypothalamus
What system contains part of the cerebrum and diencephalons & controls emotion and behavior?
Limbic system
What is the top portion of the brain stem that is involved in eye and ear reflexes?
midbrain
What is the middle part of the brain stem that is involved in respiration (rates)?
pons
What part of the brain stem connects the spinal cord to the brain stem?
medulla oblongata
What are some things that the cerebellum controls?
coordination, balance and muscle tone
