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X-Ray 146 - A&P > Chapter 11-14 > Flashcards

Chapter 11-14 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical released that enables a nerve impulse to cross a synapse

A

neurotransmitter

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2
Q

gap between cells

A

synaptic cleft

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3
Q

site the responds to neurotransmitter

A

receptor

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4
Q

3 structural classifications of neurons

A

Multipolar - found in the CNS
Bipolar
Unipolar - found in the PNS

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5
Q

What is the function of sensory (afferent) neurons?

A

conduct impulses to CNS

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6
Q

What is the function of motor (efferent) neurons?

A

carry impulses from CNS out to muscles and glands

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7
Q

What is the function of interneurons?

A

relay info. within the CNS

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8
Q

Muscle or gland that responds to a stimulus

A

effector

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9
Q

the CNS consist of what?

A

brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

the PNS consist of what?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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11
Q

nonconducting cells that protect and support

A

neuroglia or glial cells

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12
Q

What are the functional cells of the nervous system?

A

neurons

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13
Q

What are the neuron fibers that conduct impulses to the cell body?

A

dendrites

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14
Q

What are the neuron fibers that conduct impulses away from the cell body?

A

axons

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15
Q

What is the fatty material covering some axons that insulates and protects the fiber

A

myelin

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16
Q

spaces or gaps between the myelin sheath

A

nodes

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17
Q

outermost thin coating of schwann cells

A

neurilemma

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18
Q

point of junction for transmission of the nerve impulse

A

synapse

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19
Q

active pump pumping ions that opposite direction they want to flow to keep nerve fiber at polarized state

A

sodium/potassium pump

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20
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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21
Q

How many pairs of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves are there?

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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22
Q

network of vessels or nerves

A

plexuses

23
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs

24
Q

Voluntary nervous system that controls skeletal muscles

A

somatic nervous system

25
Q

Involuntary nervous system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

26
Q

layers of connective tissue

A

meninges

27
Q

thickest and outermost membrane

A

dura mater

28
Q

thin membrane, spidery appearance

A

arachnoid

29
Q

deepest membrane, right up against cerebrum

A

pia mater

30
Q

What is formed in spaces within the brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

What is the largest part of the brain (divided by longitudinal fissure)?

A

cerebrum

32
Q

What allows transmission of impulses from left side of the brain to the right side and vice versa

A

corpus callosum

33
Q

outside edges of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

34
Q

What lobe of the brain is the motor area which controls movement and speech?

A

frontal lobe

35
Q

What lobe is the sensory area (touch, pain, temp)?

A

parietal

36
Q

What lobe is the auditory area?

A

temporal

37
Q

What lobe is the visual area?

A

occipital

38
Q

Cortex folds form elevated portions called what?

A

gyri or gyrus

39
Q

Gyri are separated by shallow grooves called what?

A

sulci or sulcus

40
Q

What sulcus is between the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central

41
Q

What sulcus separates that temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

lateral

42
Q

a very deep groove

A

fissure

43
Q

What fissure separates the right and left hemispheres?

A

longitudinal

44
Q

What fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

transverse fissure

45
Q

what is the extension of dura mater between cerebral hemispheres?

A

falx cerebri

46
Q

Where is the diencephalon located?

A

superior to the brain stem

47
Q

What part of the diencephalon directs sensory impulses to the cortex?

A

thalamus

48
Q

What part of the diencephalon maintains homeostasis, controls pituitary, controls body temp., sleep, appetite and some emotions?

A

hypothalamus

49
Q

What system contains part of the cerebrum and diencephalons & controls emotion and behavior?

A

Limbic system

50
Q

What is the top portion of the brain stem that is involved in eye and ear reflexes?

A

midbrain

51
Q

What is the middle part of the brain stem that is involved in respiration (rates)?

A

pons

52
Q

What part of the brain stem connects the spinal cord to the brain stem?

A

medulla oblongata

53
Q

What are some things that the cerebellum controls?

A

coordination, balance and muscle tone

X-Ray 146 - A&P (1 decks)

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