Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is flow?
a) A state of deep enjoyment and engagement in a challenging activity that is neither too easy nor too difficult
b) The feeling of being in control of one’s life
c) The belief that happiness results from winning
d) A cognitive view that helps students approach challenging learning tasks
A
According to attribution theory, why are individuals motivated to discover the causes of their own performance and behavior?
a) To improve their ability to win
b) To understand why they are better than others
c) To understand how their behavior and performance affects future outcomes
d) To avoid feeling helpless
c
What are some reasons for procrastinating?
a) Positive beliefs, personal problems, and boredom
b) Poor time management, difficulty in concentrating, and unrealistic expectations
c) Positive beliefs, personal problems, and fear of failure
d) Poor time management, difficulty in concentrating, and fear of failure
B
What is the importance of parental expectations on adolescent achievement?
a) Parents should constantly check homework and stay in contact with teachers
b) Positive expectations and encouragement of academic engagement are more effective than parental behavioral academic involvement
c) Parents should set unrealistic goals for their children to help them achieve
d) Parents should focus on their children’s need for affiliation and relatedness
B
Which of the following is not a dimension of intrinsic motivation in adolescent development?
a) Self-determination
b) Optimal experiences and flow
c) Cognitive engagement and self-responsibility
d) Performance orientation
D
What type of parenting practice supports children’s intrinsic valuing of math and effort in math?
a) Autonomy-supportive parenting
b) Authoritarian parenting
c) Permissive parenting
d) Neglectful parenting
A
What type of mindset is emphasized in Carol Dweck’s analysis of achievement motivation?
a) Fixed mindset
b) Growth mindset
c) Achievement mindset
d) Performance mindset
B
Which of the following is not a reason for procrastination?
a) Unrealistic expectations and perfectionism
b) Fear and anxiety
c) Positive beliefs
d) Poor time management
C
What did Walter Mischel and his colleagues find in their classic research on the delay of gratification with preschool children?
a) Most children were able to delay gratification and received a reward.
b) Most children succumbed to temptation and ate the marshmallow within one minute.
c) Children who delayed gratification became less successful academically.
d) Children who delayed gratification were less able to cope with stress as adolescents.
B
What percentage of adolescents are employed at some point during high school today?
a) 10 to 20 percent
b) 30 to 40 percent
c) 80 to 90 percent
d) 50 to 60 percent
C
How did students who worked more than 20 hours a week in 1986 show a change in behavior?
a) They were more engaged in school
b) They had lower grades
c) They showed increases in substance abuse and delinquency
d) They showed no change in behavior
C
What can challenging work activities, constructive supervision, and favorable working conditions do for youth?
a) Increase delinquency
b) Decrease school engagement
c) Increase school engagement
d) Have no effect on their behavior
C
What are career academies?
a) Separate schools for high school students
b) Small schools within a comprehensive high school
c) Schools for college students
d) After-school programs for students
B
What are some common characteristics of emerging adults?
a) Attending college full-time and working part-time
b) Attending only four-year colleges
c) Dropping out of college and not returning
d) Attending two-year and four-year colleges, working full-time, and returning to college later
D
What are some factors that influence career development?
a) Culture, socioeconomic status, parents and peers, schools, gender, and ethnicity
b) Only parents and peers
c) Only gender and ethnicity
d) None of the above
A
