Chapter 11 Flashcards
what is a hydrocarbon?
a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
what is a saturated hydrocarbon?
hydrocarbon with only single bonds
what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
a hydrocarbon containing double bonds
what is a homologous series?
family of compounds with similar chemical properties and the same functional group, whose successive members differ by a CH2 group
what is a functional group?
group of atoms in a molecule which are responsible for the chemical properties of a molecule
what can hydrocarbons be classified as?
aliphatic
alicyclic
aromatic
aliphatic
carbon atoms joined together in a branched or unbranched chains or cyclic rings
alicyclic
carbon atoms joined together in a cyclic ring
aromatic
carbon atoms found in a benzene ring
what is the molecular formula?
the actual numbers of atoms of each element in a compound
what is the empirical formula?
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
what is the general formula?
the simplest algebraic formula for a member in a homologous series
what is a structural isomer?
compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
what are the two ways a covalent bond is broken?
homolytic fission
heterolytic fission
homolytic fission
covalent bond breaks and each bonded
atom takes an electron from the shared pair of electrons
forms 2 radicals
what is a radical?
a species with an unpaired electron
heterolytic fission
covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms gets both electrons in the shared pair
forms a positive and negative ion
what does a curly arrow represent in a reaction mechanism?
the movement of an electron pair when bonds are broken or made
what are the three types of reaction?
addition
substitution
elimination
addition
two reactants join together to form one product
substitution
an atom or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
elimination
when a small molecule is removed from a larger one
