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Chemistry Module 4 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

what is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

hydrocarbon with only single bonds

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3
Q

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

a hydrocarbon containing double bonds

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4
Q

what is a homologous series?

A

family of compounds with similar chemical properties and the same functional group, whose successive members differ by a CH2 group

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5
Q

what is a functional group?

A

group of atoms in a molecule which are responsible for the chemical properties of a molecule

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6
Q

what can hydrocarbons be classified as?

A

aliphatic
alicyclic
aromatic

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7
Q

aliphatic

A

carbon atoms joined together in a branched or unbranched chains or cyclic rings

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8
Q

alicyclic

A

carbon atoms joined together in a cyclic ring

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9
Q

aromatic

A

carbon atoms found in a benzene ring

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10
Q

what is the molecular formula?

A

the actual numbers of atoms of each element in a compound

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11
Q

what is the empirical formula?

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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12
Q

what is the general formula?

A

the simplest algebraic formula for a member in a homologous series

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13
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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14
Q

what are the two ways a covalent bond is broken?

A

homolytic fission
heterolytic fission

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15
Q

homolytic fission

A

covalent bond breaks and each bonded
atom takes an electron from the shared pair of electrons

forms 2 radicals

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16
Q

what is a radical?

A

a species with an unpaired electron

17
Q

heterolytic fission

A

covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms gets both electrons in the shared pair

forms a positive and negative ion

18
Q

what does a curly arrow represent in a reaction mechanism?

A

the movement of an electron pair when bonds are broken or made

19
Q

what are the three types of reaction?

A

addition
substitution
elimination

20
Q

addition

A

two reactants join together to form one product

21
Q

substitution

A

an atom or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

22
Q

elimination

A

when a small molecule is removed from a larger one

Chemistry Module 4 (9 decks)

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