Chapter 11-13 Clicker Questions

Question 1

Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

Answer 1

sensory (afferant) divison

Question 2

Nerve impulses are sent to slow the heart’s rate of contraction. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

Answer 2

parasympathetic divison

Question 3

The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. What type of cell is most responsible for this?

Answer 3

Astrocytes

Question 4

Which neuron would activate a muscle?

a. Bipolar
b. Unipolar
c. Multipolar
d. None of the above

Answer 4

Multipolar

Question 5

A major cellular feature in smooth muscle that contributes to its rhythmicity and ability to participate in peristalsis is the presence of _____.

Answer 5

Gap junctions

Question 6

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) _____.

Answer 6

Antagonist

Question 7

Smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except _____.

a. it appears to lack troponin
b. there are more thick filaments than thin filaments
c. there are no sarcomeres
d. there are immediate filaments that attach to dense bodies around the muscle cells

Answer 7

there are more thick filaments than thin filaments

Question 8

Red fibers, the smallest type of fibers.

a. fast oxidative, fatigable fibers
b. slow oxidative, fatigue-resistant fibers
c. fast glycolytic, fatigable fibers
d. A and B
e. A and C

Answer 8

Slow oxidative, fatigue-resistant fibers

Question 9

The interior surface of a neuron’s plasma membrane at resting membrane potential will have a ____.

Answer 9

negative charge, and contain less sodium than outside of the cell

Question 10

An action potential is regarded as an example of positive feedback. Describe the positive feedback aspect of an action potential.

Answer 10

A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels.

Question 11

What determines neuron conduction velocity?

Answer 11

Degree of myelination and location

Question 12

Select the correct statement regarding chemical synapses.

a. cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses
b. the release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled
c. neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells
d. the synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the postsynaptic cleft

Answer 12

the synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the postsynaptic cleft

Question 13

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with _____.

Answer 13

hyperpolarization

Question 14

_____ may be involved in complex, exacting types of mental processing.

Answer 14

parallel after discharge circuit

Question 15

The diencephalon is composed of the _____.

Answer 15

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 16

Which area of the brain receives all of the sensory information from skin, muscles, joints, and tendons?

Answer 16

Primary Somatosensory cortex

Question 17

The gustatory cortex is important for receiving sensory information about _____.

Answer 17

Taste

Question 18

Which of the following generalizes but does not describe the cerebral cortex?

a. The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.
b. each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body
c. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function
d. No functional area of the cortex works alone

Answer 18

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

a. playing a role in cognition and emotion
b. controlling starting and stopping movements
c. inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
d. initiating protective reflex actions

Answer 19

initiating protective reflex actions

Question 20

Which brain structure functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperature?

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the _____.

Answer 21

Medulla oblongata

Question 22

Which type of memory is exemplified by seeing someone you know at the grocery store and remembering their name?

Answer 22

declarative (fact)

Question 23

The subarachnoid space lies between the _____ and _____ meningeal layers.

Answer 23

arachnoid and pia

Question 24

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the _____ is the ultimate cause of Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 24

substantia nigra

Question 25

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in _____.

Answer 25

the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal chord

Question 26

Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the _____.

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are _____.

Answer 27

pyramidal and corticospinal

Question 28

A nerve that carries somatic signals from the central nervous system is classified as a ____.

Answer 28

Somatic efferant

Question 29

A patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors. This patient may have damage to which cranial nerve?

Answer 29

Olfactory nerves (1)

Question 30

Which cranial nerves control the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

Answer 30

Trochlear nerve

Question 31

As a cook chops red onions, he begins to tear up due to activation of the lacrimal gland. Which of the cranial nerves provided the stimulus?

Answer 31

Facial nerves (7)

Question 32

Starting at the spinal chord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order) _____.

Answer 32

Roots, trunks, divisions, and cords.

Question 33

If a patient exhibits claw hand, which nerve is injured?

Answer 33

Ulnar nerve

Question 34

If a patient exhibits wrist drop, which nerve is injured?

Answer 34

Radial nerve

Question 35

Which nerves control the adductor muscle?

Answer 35

Obturator nerve

Question 36

Which of the following is true regarding the sciatic nerve?

a. smallest branch of sacral plexus
b. thickest and longest nerve in the body
c. is two nerves
d. supplies the entire thigh

Answer 36

thickest and longest nerve in the body

Question 37

Which projection structure directly triggers skeletal muscle movement?

Answer 37

upper motor neurons

Question 38

In a reflex arc, the _____ transmits efferant impulses away from the central nervous system.

Answer 38

motor neuron

Question 39

Which type of fibers in the skeletal muscle are stimulated by the degree of stretch and rate of stretch?

Answer 39

anulospiral endings (primary sensory endings)

Question 40

Which type of reflex is particularly important in maintaining balance and often accompanies the flexor reflex in weight-bearing limbs?

Answer 40

crossed extensor reflexes