Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nervous System > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

made up of the brain and spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors
Uses electrical and chemical signals to control functions of the body

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensory receptors detect internal or external stimuli

A

sensory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the process of processing sensory info and making decisions for appropriate response

A

integrative function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

after sensory information is integrated, nervous system can produce a motor response by activating effectors

A

Motor Functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

consists of brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

consists of all nervous tissue outside of the CNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

12

A

Cranial Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

31

A

Spinal Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clusters of cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structure of the nervous system that monitors change in the external or internal environment

A

sensory Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

relays input from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conveys output from the CNS to the effectors ( muscles and glands)

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

conveys output from the CNS to the skeletal muscle- controls muscle movement
controls voluntary bodily functions

A

Somatic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

controls output from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
controls involuntary bodily functions

A

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fight and flight

A

sympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

network of neurons located in the walls of organs and the GI tract- help regulate digestive system

A

enteric plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

electrically excitable cells
connect all regions of the body to the brain and spinal cord

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

support, nourish and protect neurons

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cell body(soma)
dendrites
axon

A

Structure of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

contains typical organelles of a normal cell including mitochondria glogi apparatus and nucleus

A

cell body(soma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

rough ER

A

Nissl Bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

consists of Neurofibrils composed of intermediate filaments
provides cell shape

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

help move materials between cell body and axon

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

short tampered extensions of the cell body
receives info from other neurons or from sensory receptors

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

long, thin, projection, joins to cell body
propagates nerve impulses towards another neuron, a muscle fiber or gland

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cone shaped area where axon arises

A

Axon Hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

axon hillock narrows

A

initial segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the combination of the axon hillock and the initial segment
where action potentials are generated

A

trigger zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

very end of the branching axon

A

axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

tips of the axon terminal

A

synaptic end bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and effector

A

synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the region of the axon ending at the synapse

A

presynaptic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

according to the number of processes extending from the cell body

A

structurally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

according to the direction in which the nerve impulse is conveyed

A

functionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

several dendrites, one axon
neurons in the brain and spinal cord, motor neurons

A

Multipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

one dendrite, one axon
found in retina of eye, inner ear, olfactory area of the brain

A

bipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

dendrites and one axon are fused together to form a continuous process ; most function as sensory receptors that detect a sensory stimulus ; neurons are classified according to the direction in which the action potential is conveyed in relation to the CNS

A

Unipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

conduct action potential towards the CNS through cranial or spinal nerves

A

sensory or afferent neurons

40
Q

conduct action potential away from the CNS towards effectors (muscles and glands)

A

motor or efferent neurons

41
Q

conduct action potentials within the CNS from one neuron to another

A

interneurons

42
Q

star shaped cell
regulate growth
largest and most numerous neuroglia

A

Astrocytes

43
Q

form and maintain myelin sheath around CNS axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

44
Q

multilayered lipid and protein covering that surrounds some axons

A

Myelin sheath

45
Q

axons with a myelin sheath

A

Myelinated

46
Q

insulates axons
increases speed of nerve impulse conduction

A

Myelin sheath

47
Q

small cells
slender processes
remove cellular debris , phagocytize microbes and damage nervous tissue

A

Microglia

48
Q

line cavities in the brain and spinal cord
produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cells

49
Q

fluid that flows in and around the brain and spinal cord - provides protection and nourishes spinal cord and brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

50
Q

surround axon in the PNS
form myelin sheath around axon in PNS

A

Schwann cells

51
Q

surround neuron cell bodies in the ganglia
regulate exchange of materials between cell bodies and interstitial fluid

A

Satellite cells

52
Q

demyelinated disease of axons in the CNS
attack its own myelin

A

Multiple Sclerosis

53
Q

nerves lose myelin sheath

A

Demyelination

54
Q

Chemotherapy
physical therapy
anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Treatment for MS

55
Q

composed of myelinated axons

A

White matter

56
Q

Neuron cell bodies dendrites unmyelinated axons neuroglia

A

gray matter

57
Q

electrical signals produced by the nervous system

A

action potentials

58
Q

randomly alternate between open and closed positions

A

Leak channels

59
Q

open in response to the binding of a specific molecule to the receptor site

A

Ligand-gated channels

60
Q

open and close in response to a change in membrane potential

A

Voltage gated ion channel

61
Q

open/closes in response to mechanical stimulation ( vibration, touch, pressure, tissue stretching )

A

Mechanically gated ion channel

62
Q

difference across the plasma membrane in an unstimulated cell

A

Resting membrane potential

63
Q

the resting membrane potential in a neuron

A

-70mv

64
Q

removes more positive ions from the cell then brings it into the cell= more negative inside the cell then out

A

sodium potassium pump

65
Q

resting membrane potential fires the action potential

A

-55mv

66
Q

occurs completely or not at all

A

action potential

67
Q

rapid increase of positive charge inside a neuron

A

depolarization

68
Q

voltage gated sodium into the cell increases, membrane depolarizes further

A

at -55mv

69
Q

voltage gated sodium ions close

A

at +30mv

70
Q

return of the membrane potential to the resting membrane potential

A

repolarization

71
Q

voltage gated potassium ion channels open

A

at -30mv

72
Q

voltage gated potassium channels remain open

A

hyperpolarization

73
Q

potassium channels close

A

at -90mv

74
Q

a period of time in which a neuron cannot regenerate another action potential

A

the refractory period

75
Q

strong nerve impulse cannot initiate another AP

A

absolute refractory period

76
Q

second nerve impulse can be initiated but only by a larger than normal stimulus

A

relative refractory period

77
Q

used by unmyelinated axons

A

continuous conduction

78
Q

used by myelinated axons

A

saltatory conduction

79
Q

amount of myelination
temperature
axon diameter

A

affects speed of propagation

80
Q

neuron that carries and action potential towards the synapse

A

presynaptic cell

81
Q

receives a signal ( can be a muscle, gland or neuron)

A

Postsynaptic cell

82
Q

ions flow from presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell through gap junctions

A

electrical synapse

83
Q

an electrical signal is converted by the presynaptic cell to a chemical signal called a neurotransmitter

A

chemical synapse

84
Q

will open up sodium or calcium channels causing depolarization in the postsynaptic cell action potential will be fired

A

excitatory

85
Q

will cause hyperpolarization in the cell and no action potential will be fired

A

inhibitory

86
Q

stimulates muscle contraction

A

acetylcholine

87
Q

mood, happiness, muscle tone, smooth, controlled movement

A

dopamine

88
Q

sleepiness, mood, temp regulation, appetite

A

serotonin

89
Q

pain reduction, mood

A

endorphins

90
Q

learning and memory

A

glutamate

91
Q

calming affect helps with anxiety and fear

A

Gaba

92
Q

antibodies breakdown ACH receptors

A

autoimmune disease

93
Q

periods of mania and depression

A

bipolar disorder

94
Q

experience depression during winter months

A

seasonal depression

95
Q

the degeneration of the distal axon and myelin

A

Wallerian Degeneration

96
Q

the rate new axons grow

A

1.5mm

Nervous System (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions