Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is trichology?
The scientific study of hair and its diseases
The average human is born with skin that houses
Approximately 5 million pilosebaceous units capable of producing hair
What is a hair follicle
Is a mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube,or canal
What is the pilosebaceous unit
It contains the hair follicle and it’s appendages, which include the hair root,hair bulb,hair papilla,hair shaft, and the arrector pili muscle and sebaceous glands
Follicular canal
It is lined with epidermal tissue. These produce the follicle and hair matrix
Hair root
Anchors hair to the skin cells and is part of the hair located at the bottom of the follicle below the surface of the skin
Where does the hair root lie?
Within the follicle at the base where the hair grows
Hair bulb
Is a thick, club shaped structure made from epithelial cells that surrounds the papilla. This forms the lower part, or base, of the hair follicle.
What contains the dividing cells of the hair matrix that produces the hair and both the external root sheath and internal root sheath lining the follicle
The hair bulb
The hair papilla
Is a cone shaped elevation of connective tissue that contains the capillaries and nerves.
What is necessary for hair growth and nourishment of the follicle
Hair papillae
The hair shaft
Is defined as the part of the hair located above the surface of the skin.
The 3 main layers of the hair shaft
The cuticle
Cortex
Medulla
What are the 2 outer layers is the hair shaft?
Hard keratin and soft keratin
Sebaceous gland
Secretes the waxy substance called sebum, which lubricates the skin and hair
Arrector pili muscle
Contracts when affected by cold or other stimuli.
What causes goosebumps?
Arrector pili muscle
What are the types of hair?
Vellus
Lanugo
Terminal
Lanugo
Soft downy hair found on a fetus
Vellus hair
Found in areas not covered by terminal hairs. Eg. peach fuzz
Removing Vellus hair?
Not recommended. Can result in the follicles producing new terminal hairs
Terminal hair
Is the longer, coarse hair found on the head, brows, lashes, genitals,arms,legs.
What is a benefit of the arrector pili muscle?
It causes goosebumps. This reaction is Thought to keep the warmer by creating an air pocket under the upright hairs. Also helps disperse protective lipids to skin and hair
What is the difference between lanugo and Vellus hairs?
Lanugo is soft downy hair found on a fetus.
Vellus is found in areas not covered by terminal hair.
What is the main catalyst for Vellus hairs transitioning to terminal hairs?
Removing Vellus hair,especially against the hair growth
What are the 3 phases of hair growth?
Anagen
Catagen
Telogen
Hair growth is a result of
The activity of cells found in the basal layer. The cells are found within the hair bulb
What is ACT
Anagen,catagen,telogen
Anagen phase
Is the growth stage during which new hair is produced.
Hair on the scalp remains in what phase for years?
Anagen
Which phase is the most important for estheticians for effective hair removal?
Anagen
Catagen phase
Is the transition stage of hair growth
What is the shortest part of the hair growth cycle?
Catagen phase
Telogen phase is?
Is the final, or resting, stage of hair growth.
What is the most effective stage of hair removal?
Anagen phase
What makes scalp hair grow longer than eyelashes?
A longer Anagen phase
Hypertrichosis is?
An excessive growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only Vellus hair
Hirsutism is?
Excessive hair growth on the face,chest,underarms,and groin,especially in women.
What causes hirsutism?
Excessive male androgens in the blood.
What is a syndrome?
Is a group of symptoms that, when combined, characterize a disease or disorder.
What is a disease?
A disease is pathological, like conditions caused by viruses and bacteria, with a series of signs and symptoms.
What is a disorder?
A disorder is a abnormality of function, like a birth defect or genetically inherited malfunction.
Diseases affecting hair growth?
Acromegaly and Cushing syndrome
Disorders affecting hair growth?
Adrenogenital syndrome. Is a malfunction of the adrenal cortex that causes and overproduction of androgens.
Syndromes affecting hair growth?
PCOS- polycystic ovarian syndrome
If you have PCOS?
Present with hirsutism, irregular menses, ovarian cysts, and obesity.
What is a combination of Cushing and adrenogenital syndrome?
Achard- Thiers syndrome
What disease,disorder,or syndrome most commonly causes hirsutism?
PCOS
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Between hirsutism and hypertrichosis, which is attributed to genetics and not male androgens?
Hypertrichosis is genetically and ethnically inherited.
Methods of hair removal categories?(2)
Temporary and permanent
Temporary hair removal involves?
Repeat treatments as hair grows
Define Permanent hair removal?
The papilla is destroyed, making regrow the impossible
Depilation?
Is a process of removing hair at or near the level of skin. (Shaving and chemical depilation)
Epilation?
The process of removing hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla.
(Tweezing, waxing, sugaring and threading)
PFB pseudofolliculitis barbae
Term for razor bumps, rash, and ingrown hairs
Folliculitis
Is an infection of the hair follicles.
Depilatory
Is a chemical substance spread on the skin to dissolve the hair at the surface of the skin and just below the stratum corneum.
What are the active ingredients in depilatories?
Alkaline such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, thioglycolic acid or calcium thioglycolate.
Threading
Aka,banding, works by using cotton thread that is looped and twisted in the middle the quickly and selectively guided along the surface of the skin, snagging the unwanted hairs in the twisted portion of the thread and epilating them.
Sugaring
Is similar to waxing methods except that it uses a thick, sugar based paste and is for more sensitive skin types.
Types of sugaring methods?
Hand applied
Spatula applied
Methods of permanent hair removal and reduction
Electrolysis
Laser hair removal
Intense pulsed light (IPL)
Three main modalities of electrolysis?
Thermolysis, galvanic electrolysis, the blend(combo of the 2 methods)
Thermolysis
Uses alternating current that is applied and emitted from a probe, inserted into the follicle of the hair, to destroy the dermal papilla.
Galvanic electrolysis
Utilizes direct current from the probe, which creates a chemical reaction of sodium hydroxide,aka lye,to cause decomposition of the follicle.
Laser acronym
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
What are the main active ingredients in depilatories?
Alkaline such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, thioglycolic acid, or calcium thioglycolate
What is another name for threading?
Banding
What is the biggest benefit of cleaning up after hand applied sugaring?
Water soluble
What is the minimal length of hair that can be removed with sugaring?
1/16 inch
Which modality of electrolysis utilizes direct current?
Galvanic electrolysis
What is the main benefit of electrolysis?
Can be used on almost everyone/anyone with great precision.
What is the downside to electrolysis?
Costly, can cause discomfort, may take months even years, higher Fitzpatrick can develop hyper pigmentation.
Name a safety concern for laser/IPL
Risk of burning and hyperpigmentation. Eyes need protection
Cushing syndrome
Occurs when you body makes too much of the hormone cortisol over a long period
What is a contraindication?
Is a symptom or condition that makes a service or procedure unadvisable or that it should proceed with utmost caution.
