Chapter 11-12

Question 1

Often referred to as joint fluid

Answer 1

Synovial fluid

Question 2

Is a viscous liquid found in the cavities of the movable joints (DIARTHROSES) or synovial joints?

Answer 2

Synovial fluid

Question 3

Where the bones in the synovial joints are lined?

Answer 3

Smooth Articular Cartilage

Question 4

It is called as synovial membrane contains specialized cells

Answer 4

Synoviocytes

Question 5

It reduces friction between the bones during joint movement.

Answer 5

Smooth articular cartilage and Synovial fluid

Question 6

Is formed as an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane

Answer 6

Synovial fluid

Question 7

Is nonselective except for the exclusion of high molecular weight proteins

Answer 7

Filtration

Question 8

The synoviocytes secrete a mucopolysaccharide containing

Answer 8

Hyaluronic acid

Question 9

How many amount of protein must be used to secrete mucopolysaccharide

Answer 9

1/4 of the plasma concentration

Question 10

It contributes the noticeable viscocity to the synovial fluid

Answer 10

Large hyaluronate molecules

Question 11

What would be the clin. Sig. If the articular membranes produces pain and stiffnessbin the joints?

Answer 11

Arthritis

Question 12

The beneficial test most frequently performed on synovial fluid

Answer 12

WBC Count, Differential count, Gram stain, Culture and crystal examination

Question 13

Volume value of synovial fluid

Answer 13

<3.5 mL

Question 14

Normal color of synovial fluid

Answer 14

Colorless to pale yellow

Question 15

Normal clarity of synovial fluid

Answer 15

Clear

Question 16

Normal viscosity of synovial fluid

Answer 16

Able to form a string 4 to 6 cm long

Question 17

Normal leukocyte count of synovial fluid

Answer 17

<200 cells/ uL

Question 18

Normal neutrophils of synovial fluid

Answer 18

<25% of the differential

Question 19

Normal crystals of synovial fluid

Answer 19

None present

Question 20

Normal glucose (plasma difference) of synovial fluid

Answer 20

<10 mg/dL lower than the blood glucose level

Question 21

Normal total protein of synovial fluid

Answer 21

<3 g/dL

Question 22

Synovial fluid is collected by needle aspiration called

Answer 22

Arthrocentesis

Question 23

Pathologic significance of noninflammatory

Answer 23

Degenerative joint disorders, osteoarthritis

Question 24

Pathologic significance of inflammatory

Answer 24

Immunologic disorders, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, rheumatic fever, lyme arthritis

Question 25

Pathologic significance of septic

Answer 25

Microbial Infection

Question 26

Pathologic significance of Hemorrhagic

Answer 26

Traumatic injury, tumors, hemophilia, other coagulation disorders Anticoagulant overdose

Question 27

Laboratory finding on noninflammatory

Answer 27

``` Clear, yellow fluid Good viscosity WBCs <1000 uL Neutrophils <30% Similar to blood glucose ```

Question 28

Laboratory finding on inflammatory (immunologic origins)

Answer 28

``` Cloudy, yellow fluid Poor viscosity WBCs 2,000 to 75,000 uL Neutrophils >50% Decreased glucose level Possible autoantibodies present ```

Question 29

Laboratory finding on inflammatory (crystal-induced origin

Answer 29

``` Cloudy or milky fluid Low viscosity WBCs up to 100,000 uL Neutrophils <70% Decreased glucose level Crystal present ```

Question 30

Laboratory finding on Septic

Answer 30

``` Cloudy, Yellow-green fluid Variable viscosity WBCs 50,000-100,000 uL Neutrophils >75% Decreased glucose level Positive culture and Gram stain ```

Question 31

Laboratory finding on Hemorrhagic

Answer 31

``` Cloudy, red fluid Low viscosity WBCs equal to blood Neutrophils equal to blood Normal glucose level ```

Question 32

In synovial fluid test, required tube type for gram stain and culture

Answer 32

Sterile haparinized/Sodium polyanethol sulfonate

Question 33

In synovial fluid test, required tube type for cell counts

Answer 33

Heparin/ liquid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Question 34

In synovial fluid test, required tube type for glucose analysis

Answer 34

Sodium flouride

Question 35

In synovial fluid test, required tube type for all other test

Answer 35

Nonanticoagulatedp

Question 36

Normal viscous synovial fluid resembles

Answer 36

Egg white

Question 37

What color would be the result if there is the presence of noninflammatory and inflammatory effusions?

Answer 37

Deeper yellow

Question 38

What color would be the result if there is the presence of bacterial infection

Answer 38

Greenish tinge

Question 39

Is frequently ass. With the presence of WBCs

Answer 39

Turbidity

Question 40

What would be the appearance of fluid when crystals are present?

Answer 40

Milky

Question 41

Can be measured using ropes, mucin clot, test.

Answer 41

Hyaluronate polymerization

Question 42

What solution added to normal synovial fluid which forms a solid clot surrounded by clear fluid

Answer 42

2%-5% Acetic acid

Question 43

Is reported in terms of good, fair,low and poor.

Answer 43

Mucin clot test