Chapter 11-12 Flashcards
Often referred to as joint fluid
Synovial fluid
Is a viscous liquid found in the cavities of the movable joints (DIARTHROSES) or synovial joints?
Synovial fluid
Where the bones in the synovial joints are lined?
Smooth Articular Cartilage
It is called as synovial membrane contains specialized cells
Synoviocytes
It reduces friction between the bones during joint movement.
Smooth articular cartilage and Synovial fluid
Is formed as an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Is nonselective except for the exclusion of high molecular weight proteins
Filtration
The synoviocytes secrete a mucopolysaccharide containing
Hyaluronic acid
How many amount of protein must be used to secrete mucopolysaccharide
1/4 of the plasma concentration
It contributes the noticeable viscocity to the synovial fluid
Large hyaluronate molecules
What would be the clin. Sig. If the articular membranes produces pain and stiffnessbin the joints?
Arthritis
The beneficial test most frequently performed on synovial fluid
WBC Count, Differential count, Gram stain, Culture and crystal examination
Volume value of synovial fluid
<3.5 mL
Normal color of synovial fluid
Colorless to pale yellow
Normal clarity of synovial fluid
Clear
Normal viscosity of synovial fluid
Able to form a string 4 to 6 cm long
Normal leukocyte count of synovial fluid
<200 cells/ uL
Normal neutrophils of synovial fluid
<25% of the differential
Normal crystals of synovial fluid
None present
Normal glucose (plasma difference) of synovial fluid
<10 mg/dL lower than the blood glucose level
Normal total protein of synovial fluid
<3 g/dL
Synovial fluid is collected by needle aspiration called
Arthrocentesis
Pathologic significance of noninflammatory
Degenerative joint disorders, osteoarthritis
Pathologic significance of inflammatory
Immunologic disorders, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, rheumatic fever, lyme arthritis
Pathologic significance of septic
Microbial Infection
Pathologic significance of Hemorrhagic
Traumatic injury, tumors, hemophilia, other coagulation disorders
Anticoagulant overdose
Laboratory finding on noninflammatory
Clear, yellow fluid Good viscosity WBCs <1000 uL Neutrophils <30% Similar to blood glucose
Laboratory finding on inflammatory (immunologic origins)
Cloudy, yellow fluid Poor viscosity WBCs 2,000 to 75,000 uL Neutrophils >50% Decreased glucose level Possible autoantibodies present
Laboratory finding on inflammatory (crystal-induced origin
Cloudy or milky fluid Low viscosity WBCs up to 100,000 uL Neutrophils <70% Decreased glucose level Crystal present
Laboratory finding on Septic
Cloudy, Yellow-green fluid Variable viscosity WBCs 50,000-100,000 uL Neutrophils >75% Decreased glucose level Positive culture and Gram stain
Laboratory finding on Hemorrhagic
Cloudy, red fluid Low viscosity WBCs equal to blood Neutrophils equal to blood Normal glucose level
In synovial fluid test, required tube type for gram stain and culture
Sterile haparinized/Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
In synovial fluid test, required tube type for cell counts
Heparin/ liquid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
In synovial fluid test, required tube type for glucose analysis
Sodium flouride
In synovial fluid test, required tube type for all other test
Nonanticoagulatedp
Normal viscous synovial fluid resembles
Egg white
What color would be the result if there is the presence of noninflammatory and inflammatory effusions?
Deeper yellow
What color would be the result if there is the presence of bacterial infection
Greenish tinge
Is frequently ass. With the presence of WBCs
Turbidity
What would be the appearance of fluid when crystals are present?
Milky
Can be measured using ropes, mucin clot, test.
Hyaluronate polymerization
What solution added to normal synovial fluid which forms a solid clot surrounded by clear fluid
2%-5% Acetic acid
Is reported in terms of good, fair,low and poor.
Mucin clot test
