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radiation protection > Chapter 11, 12, 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 11, 12, 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Every diagnostic imaging system MUST have:

A

Protective tube housing
A correctly functioning control panel

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2
Q

In equipment design, leakage:

A

Leakage cannot exceed 100 mR/hr at a distance of 1 meter

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3
Q

Control panel (console):

A

Must indicate condition of exposure and have light or audible c-ray indicator

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4
Q

a Table is:

A

Radiolucent- absorbs only minimal amount of radiation

Commonly carbon filter

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5
Q

SID

A

Must have a means of measurement from anode focal spot to IR

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6
Q

Beam Limiting devices

A

Devices that limit the x-ray beam before it enters the patient

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7
Q

In scatter radiation, tight collimation:

A

Decreases patient dose

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8
Q

To minimize skin exposure in Skin Sparing:

A

the patients skin surface should be at least 15 cm below collimator for fixed equipment

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9
Q

Positive Beam Limitation:

A

Automatic collimation
Purpose is to restrict the size and shape, so it does not exceed the size and shape of the IR

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10
Q

Effects of filtration:

A

Increases quality of the beam
Decreases quantity of x-rays by absorbing some low energy beams- fewer overall beams are left

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11
Q

2 types of filtration?

A

Inherent- original filtration
Added- any filtration occurring outside the tube housing and before the IR

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12
Q

Half Value Layer (HVL)

A

Decreases the intensity of the primary beam by 1/2 (50%) of its original value

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13
Q

Types of compensating filters:

A

Wedge: bone and joint- T spine, feet (thicker part towards toes)
Trough (bilateral wedge): CXR- PA (thin center)

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14
Q

Reproducibility

A

Consistent output in radiation intensity for identical generator setting from one exposure to the next

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15
Q

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

A

Back up timer is set at 150%

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16
Q

For Mobile Radiographic Units:

A

Minimum SSD of at least 30 cm (12 inches)

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17
Q

Exposure factors for children:

A

Decrease kVp by 25% of adult

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18
Q

Filtration

A

Minimum 2.5 mm total Al
Permanently installed

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19
Q

Lead shielding

A

minimum .25 mm lead

20
Q

Cumulative timing device requirement:

A

sounds at 5 minutes

21
Q

Fluoroscopic exposure control switch must:

A

Be of the dead-man type

22
Q

C-arm operator, if standing close to the patient, could also receive:

A

A significant increase in occupational exposure from patient scatter

23
Q

Holistic Approach to Patient Care means to:

A

Care for the whole person rather than just the area of interest

24
Q

Advantages of Effective Communication:

A

-Reduces patient anxiety
-Creates better tech/patient relationship- trust and caring
-Increases chance of completing exams and reduces repeats

25
Q

2 types of motion:

A

Voluntary - patient controlled
Involuntary- body systems

26
Q

Voluntary motion examples

A

Age
Breathing
Fear
Mental instability

27
Q

Involuntary motion examples:

A

Muscle spasms
Chills
Tremors

28
Q

15% rule effect on Exposure Factor

A

Increase kVp by 15% and reducing mAs 1/2 will reduce radiation exposure

29
Q

Fluoroscopically Guided Positioning (FGP)

A

Must not be used on patients positioning
Unacceptable and unethical practice

30
Q

Pregnant Patient

A

Ask LMP

31
Q

Annual occupational EfD limit is:

A

50 mSv (5 rem)

32
Q

Annual limit for general population is:

A

1 mSv (100 mrem) for continuous or frequent exposure from artificial sources

33
Q

Occupational dose for eyes

A

150 mSv

34
Q

The most effective means of protection from ionizing radiation:

A

Distance

35
Q

Lowest scatter area:

A

90 degrees to the patient

36
Q

Primary Protective Barrier

A

Prevents DIRECT or un-scattered radiation from reaching personnel or public

1/16 inch lead

37
Q

Secondary Protective Barrier:

A

1/32 inch lead
Included ceiling and control booth

38
Q

Control Booth Barrier also considered

A

Secondary Barrier

39
Q

Gloves have

A

.25 mm lead

40
Q

Protective Eyeglasses

A

0.35 mm lead

41
Q

Protection during fluoro:

A

Protective apron: .5 mm
Protective gloves: .25 mm
Thyroid shield: .5 mm

42
Q

Where should radiographer stand during mobile procedure?

A

At a right angle (90 degrees) to the c-ray beam-scattering object (the patient) line

43
Q

What is collectively known as Secondary Radiation?

A

Scatter radiation and leakage radiation

44
Q

Workload (W) is used to:

A

Used to determine barrier shield requirements

45
Q

Use Factor (U):

A

The factor that represents the portion of beam-on time that the x-ray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week

46
Q

Order of person holding:

A

Male relative
Female relative
Non-radiology personnel
Radiology personnel

radiation protection (1 decks)

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