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A&P Chapter 11, 12, 13 > Chapter 11, 12, 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 11, 12, 13 Flashcards

1
Q 
The 4 projections:
The Medial epicondyles
The lateral epicondyles
The capitulation
The trochlea 
Belong to?
A

The distal epiphysis

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2
Q

What does not have a vertebral foramen?

A

Sacrum & Coccyx

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3
Q

What does the make up of the scapula, clavicle?

A

Shoulder Girdle

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4
Q

What does the clavicle Articulate with on its distal end?

A

The clavicle articulates with the acromoin process of the scapula

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5
Q

What articulates proximally with the humerus and radius and dismally with a fibrocartilaginous disk?

A

Ulna

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6
Q

What metacarpal forms the most freely?

A

Thumb

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7
Q

What form the framework of the hand?

A

The metacarpal bones are the five bones that make up the framework of the hand?

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8
Q

The pubic arch in males is less than ____degrees?

A

90 degrees

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9
Q

True or false?

The Pelvic Outlet is an imaginary plane?

A

True

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10
Q

What is the inner lining of the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

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11
Q

What cells are responsible for producing organic matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

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12
Q

How many cervical vertebrae does the human body have?

A

7

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13
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae does the human body have?

A

12

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14
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae does the human body have?

A

5

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15
Q

What is an example of short bones?

A

Carpals

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16
Q 
What forms:
the anterior cranial floor
Medial orbit walls
Upper parts of the nasal septum
Sidewalks of the nasal cavity
A

Ethmoid bone

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17
Q

Like long bones, flat bones are covered in a periosteum and the inner spaces are lined with?

A

Endosteum

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18
Q 
Support
Protection 
Movement
Mineral storage
Hematopoiesis
Are all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A

Functions of bone

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19
Q

What is the development of bone from the small cartilage or membrane model into adult bone?

A

Osteogenesis

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20
Q

What does the process of appositional growth refer to?

A

It occurs through the addition of osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

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21
Q

What do muscle tendon fibers interlace with?

A

Periosteal fibers

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22
Q

A few layers of bone matrix also run around the outer boundary of compact bone, encircling all the osteosarcoma. These layers that run along the inner circumference (along the endosteum) and outer circumference (along the periosteum) of a bone is called?

A

Circumferential lamellar

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23
Q

Are small cells that synthesize and secrete an organic matrix called osteoid?

A

Osteoblasts

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24
Q

Are giant multinucleate cells, that are responsible for the active erosion of bone minerals.

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Q

Collagen strands in the osteoid serve as framework for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which mineralized the bone tissue. Osteogenic stem cells, found in the endosteum and lining the central canals, undergo cell division to form?

A

Osteoblasts

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26
Q

Formed by the fusion of serial precursor cells and contain large numbers of mitochondria and lysosomes. Erode bone by releasing hydrochloride acid (HC1) that dissolves mineral crystals and collagenase, which is an enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds in collagen proteins. The dissolved mineral ions and amino acids that result from bone erosion are reabsorbed by the bloodstream and recycling for use by fibroblasts, osteoblasts, or other cells of the body.
Responsible for the active erosion of bone minerals?

A

Osteoblasts

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27
Q

Are mature, nondividing osteoblasts surrounded by matrix and lying within lacunae

A

Osteocytes

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28
Q

Surround central ( osteoblasts or haversian) canals that run lengthwise through bone and are connected by transverse canals (Volkmann canals)

A

Osteoid

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29
Q

What cell organelles synthesis organic matrix substances?

A

Golgi apparatus and ?

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30
Q

Is composite of collagenous fibers and a mixture of protein and polysaccharides called ground substance
Chondroitin and glucosamine also

A

Organic matrix of bone

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31
Q

Blood cell formation, is a vital process carried on by red bone marrow, or myeloid tissue,.

A

Hematopoisesis

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32
Q

Myeloid tissue, in the adult, is located primarily in the ends, or epiphyses, of certain long bone, in the flat bones of the skull, in the pelvis, and in the sternum and ribs.

A

Hematopoiesis

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33
Q

Hydroxyapatite: crystals of calcium, and phosphate that contribute to bone, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and fluoride are also found in bone.

A

Inorganic salts

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34
Q

What articulates with maxilla

A

Two maxillae form the keystone of the face

Does not articulate with mandible

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35
Q

Frontal/Corneal suture separates?

A

Frontal and temporal

Frontal and parietal

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36
Q

Lamdoid suture separates?

A

Occipital and parietal

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37
Q

Squamous suture separates?

A

Temporal and parietal

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38
Q

Sagittal suture lines up to the ___?

A

Frontal/corneal suture

39
Q

Primary regulator of calcium homeostasis?

A

Parathyroid hormone

40
Q

Stimulates osteoclasts to initiate breakdown of bone matrix and increase blood calcium levels

A

Parathyroid hormone

41
Q

Increases renal absorption of calcium from urine

A

Parathyroid hormone

42
Q

Stimulates vitamin D synthesis

A

Parathyroid hormone

43
Q

Protein hormone produced in the thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

44
Q

Produced in response to high blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

45
Q

Stimulates bone deposition by osteoblasts

A

Calcitonin

46
Q

Inhibits osteoclasts activity

A

Calcitonin

47
Q

“soft spots” allow the skull to “mold” during birth and also allow rapid growth of the brain

A

Fonanels

48
Q

True ribs?

A

1-7

49
Q

False ribs

A

8-12

50
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12

51
Q

In pubic area what is the largest and uppermost bone?

A

Ilium

52
Q

In the pubic area what is the strongest lowermost bone?

A

Ischium

53
Q

In the pubic area it is the most anterior bone?

A

Pubis

54
Q

Deep funnel shaped with a narrow pubic arch

A

Male pelvis

55
Q

Shallow broad and flaring with a wider pubic arch

A

Female pelvis

56
Q

A ______is also known as a compound fracture ?

A

Displaced (open)

57
Q

What bone contains the mastoid sinuses?

A

Temporal bone

58
Q

Form the bulging top of the cranium and form several sutures ?

A

Parietal bone

59
Q

I made up of 28 bones in two major divisions ?

A

Skull

60
Q

Serves as a stable, circular base that supports the trunk and attaches the lower extremities to it

A

Pelvic girdle

61
Q

What is the largest sinus?

A

Maxillary sinus

62
Q

The appendicular skeleton consists of ____ bones ?

A

126

63
Q

The axial skeleton consists of ____bones?

A

74

64
Q

Forms the lower, posterior part of the skull

A

Occipital bone

65
Q

Articulates with ethmoid, nasal septum, frontal, maxillae, and other nasal bones

A

Nasal bone

66
Q

What does the Temporal bone house?

A

The middle and inner ear structures

67
Q

Contains the frontal sinuses
Forms the upper portion of the orbits
Forms the coronal suture with the two parietal bones

A

Frontal bone

68
Q

How many layers form the epiphyseal plate?

A 
4
Resting Cartilage
The proliferating zone
The zone of hypertrophy 
The zone of calcification
69
Q

Steps to healing a fracture?

A

Formation of a hematoma
Formation of a soft, cartilaginous pro callus
Formation of internal and external bony callus
Bone remodeling complete

70
Q

Bones vary in their proportions of two types of bone tissue

A

Compact

Cancellous (spongy) bone

71
Q

Most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

72
Q

Forms the costal cartilage, cartilage rings in the trachea, bronchi of the lungs, and the tip of the nose, forms from a special cells in chondrification centers, which secretes matrix material, chrondrocytes are isolated into lacuna

A

Hyaline cartilage

73
Q

Forms the external ear, epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes, gives form to the external ears, the epiglottis that covers the opening of the respiratory tract when swallowing, and the eustachian or auditory, tubes that connect the middle ear and nasal cavity

A

Elastic cartilage

74
Q

Found in the pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks

A

Fibrocartilage

75
Q

What age does bone begin to occur?

A

35-40

76
Q

Region (in a growing bone) is called the metaphysics

A

Epiphyseal plate

77
Q

_________cells brings about the thickening of this layer.

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

78
Q

What allows the diaphysis of a long bone to increase in length

A

Epiphyseal plate

79
Q

Concentric
Interstitial
Circumferential

A

Lamellae

80
Q

Are small spaces containing tissue fluid in which bone cells are located between hard layers of lamellae

A

Lacunae

81
Q

Also called an osteoclasts canal or haversian Canal, the center canal extends lengthwise through the center of each osteon.

A

Canaliculi

82
Q

What is the main shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

83
Q

Ends of a long bone made of cancellous bone filled with marrow in bulbous shape

A

Epiphyseal

84
Q

What attaches tendons firmly to bones and contains blood vessels important in growth and repair

A

Periosteum

85
Q

What is an inner region of cancellous bone called

A

Dipole

86
Q

What permits the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste products

A

Osteons

87
Q

______occurs through the addition of osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

A

Appositional growth

88
Q

Forms when a blood vessel enters the rapidly changing cartilage model at the midpoint of the diaphysis

A

Primary ossification

89
Q

______grow in both length and diameter

A

Long bones

90
Q

Forms immovable joints with three other cranial bones and movable joint with the first clerical vertebra

A

Occipital bone

91
Q

Articulate with each other and with the nasal, zygomatic, nferior conchae, and palatine bones

A

Maxilla

92
Q

What is the largest, strongest bone of the face

A

Mandible

93
Q

Zygomatic bone articulates with 4 bones and they are

A

Maxillary
Temporal
Frontal
Sphenoid

94
Q

Disorders of the axial skeleton? The one Dr.P put in red

A

Mastoiditis

A&P Chapter 11, 12, 13 (1 decks)

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