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A&P Chapter 11, 12, 13 > Chapter 11, 12, 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 11, 12, 13 Flashcards

1
Q 
The 4 projections:
The Medial epicondyles
The lateral epicondyles
The capitulation
The trochlea 
Belong to?
A

The distal epiphysis

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2
Q

What does not have a vertebral foramen?

A

Sacrum & Coccyx

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3
Q

What does the make up of the scapula, clavicle?

A

Shoulder Girdle

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4
Q

What does the clavicle Articulate with on its distal end?

A

The clavicle articulates with the acromoin process of the scapula

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5
Q

What articulates proximally with the humerus and radius and dismally with a fibrocartilaginous disk?

A

Ulna

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6
Q

What metacarpal forms the most freely?

A

Thumb

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7
Q

What form the framework of the hand?

A

The metacarpal bones are the five bones that make up the framework of the hand?

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8
Q

The pubic arch in males is less than ____degrees?

A

90 degrees

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9
Q

True or false?

The Pelvic Outlet is an imaginary plane?

A

True

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10
Q

What is the inner lining of the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

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11
Q

What cells are responsible for producing organic matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

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12
Q

How many cervical vertebrae does the human body have?

A

7

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13
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae does the human body have?

A

12

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14
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae does the human body have?

A

5

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15
Q

What is an example of short bones?

A

Carpals

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16
Q 
What forms:
the anterior cranial floor
Medial orbit walls
Upper parts of the nasal septum
Sidewalks of the nasal cavity
A

Ethmoid bone

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17
Q

Like long bones, flat bones are covered in a periosteum and the inner spaces are lined with?

A

Endosteum

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18
Q 
Support
Protection 
Movement
Mineral storage
Hematopoiesis
Are all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A

Functions of bone

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19
Q

What is the development of bone from the small cartilage or membrane model into adult bone?

A

Osteogenesis

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20
Q

What does the process of appositional growth refer to?

A

It occurs through the addition of osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

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21
Q

What do muscle tendon fibers interlace with?

A

Periosteal fibers

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22
Q

A few layers of bone matrix also run around the outer boundary of compact bone, encircling all the osteosarcoma. These layers that run along the inner circumference (along the endosteum) and outer circumference (along the periosteum) of a bone is called?

A

Circumferential lamellar

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23
Q

Are small cells that synthesize and secrete an organic matrix called osteoid?

A

Osteoblasts

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24
Q

Are giant multinucleate cells, that are responsible for the active erosion of bone minerals.

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Collagen strands in the osteoid serve as framework for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which mineralized the bone tissue. Osteogenic stem cells, found in the endosteum and lining the central canals, undergo cell division to form?
Osteoblasts
26
Formed by the fusion of serial precursor cells and contain large numbers of mitochondria and lysosomes. Erode bone by releasing hydrochloride acid (HC1) that dissolves mineral crystals and collagenase, which is an enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds in collagen proteins. The dissolved mineral ions and amino acids that result from bone erosion are reabsorbed by the bloodstream and recycling for use by fibroblasts, osteoblasts, or other cells of the body. Responsible for the active erosion of bone minerals?
Osteoblasts
27
Are mature, nondividing osteoblasts surrounded by matrix and lying within lacunae
Osteocytes
28
Surround central ( osteoblasts or haversian) canals that run lengthwise through bone and are connected by transverse canals (Volkmann canals)
Osteoid
29
What cell organelles synthesis organic matrix substances?
Golgi apparatus and ?
30
Is composite of collagenous fibers and a mixture of protein and polysaccharides called ground substance Chondroitin and glucosamine also
Organic matrix of bone
31
Blood cell formation, is a vital process carried on by red bone marrow, or myeloid tissue,.
Hematopoisesis
32
Myeloid tissue, in the adult, is located primarily in the ends, or epiphyses, of certain long bone, in the flat bones of the skull, in the pelvis, and in the sternum and ribs.
Hematopoiesis
33
Hydroxyapatite: crystals of calcium, and phosphate that contribute to bone, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and fluoride are also found in bone.
Inorganic salts
34
What articulates with maxilla
Two maxillae form the keystone of the face | Does not articulate with mandible
35
Frontal/Corneal suture separates?
Frontal and temporal | Frontal and parietal
36
Lamdoid suture separates?
Occipital and parietal
37
Squamous suture separates?
Temporal and parietal
38
Sagittal suture lines up to the ___?
Frontal/corneal suture
39
Primary regulator of calcium homeostasis?
Parathyroid hormone
40
Stimulates osteoclasts to initiate breakdown of bone matrix and increase blood calcium levels
Parathyroid hormone
41
Increases renal absorption of calcium from urine
Parathyroid hormone
42
Stimulates vitamin D synthesis
Parathyroid hormone
43
Protein hormone produced in the thyroid gland
Calcitonin
44
Produced in response to high blood calcium levels
Calcitonin
45
Stimulates bone deposition by osteoblasts
Calcitonin
46
Inhibits osteoclasts activity
Calcitonin
47
"soft spots" allow the skull to "mold" during birth and also allow rapid growth of the brain
Fonanels
48
True ribs?
1-7
49
False ribs
8-12
50
Floating ribs
11-12
51
In pubic area what is the largest and uppermost bone?
Ilium
52
In the pubic area what is the strongest lowermost bone?
Ischium
53
In the pubic area it is the most anterior bone?
Pubis
54
Deep funnel shaped with a narrow pubic arch
Male pelvis
55
Shallow broad and flaring with a wider pubic arch
Female pelvis
56
A ______is also known as a compound fracture ?
Displaced (open)
57
What bone contains the mastoid sinuses?
Temporal bone
58
Form the bulging top of the cranium and form several sutures ?
Parietal bone
59
I made up of 28 bones in two major divisions ?
Skull
60
Serves as a stable, circular base that supports the trunk and attaches the lower extremities to it
Pelvic girdle
61
What is the largest sinus?
Maxillary sinus
62
The appendicular skeleton consists of ____ bones ?
126
63
The axial skeleton consists of ____bones?
74
64
Forms the lower, posterior part of the skull
Occipital bone
65
Articulates with ethmoid, nasal septum, frontal, maxillae, and other nasal bones
Nasal bone
66
What does the Temporal bone house?
The middle and inner ear structures
67
Contains the frontal sinuses Forms the upper portion of the orbits Forms the coronal suture with the two parietal bones
Frontal bone
68
How many layers form the epiphyseal plate?
``` 4 Resting Cartilage The proliferating zone The zone of hypertrophy The zone of calcification ```
69
Steps to healing a fracture?
Formation of a hematoma Formation of a soft, cartilaginous pro callus Formation of internal and external bony callus Bone remodeling complete
70
Bones vary in their proportions of two types of bone tissue
Compact | Cancellous (spongy) bone
71
Most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
72
Forms the costal cartilage, cartilage rings in the trachea, bronchi of the lungs, and the tip of the nose, forms from a special cells in chondrification centers, which secretes matrix material, chrondrocytes are isolated into lacuna
Hyaline cartilage
73
Forms the external ear, epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes, gives form to the external ears, the epiglottis that covers the opening of the respiratory tract when swallowing, and the eustachian or auditory, tubes that connect the middle ear and nasal cavity
Elastic cartilage
74
Found in the pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks
Fibrocartilage
75
What age does bone begin to occur?
35-40
76
Region (in a growing bone) is called the metaphysics
Epiphyseal plate
77
_________cells brings about the thickening of this layer.
Epiphyseal cartilage
78
What allows the diaphysis of a long bone to increase in length
Epiphyseal plate
79
Concentric Interstitial Circumferential
Lamellae
80
Are small spaces containing tissue fluid in which bone cells are located between hard layers of lamellae
Lacunae
81
Also called an osteoclasts canal or haversian Canal, the center canal extends lengthwise through the center of each osteon.
Canaliculi
82
What is the main shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
83
Ends of a long bone made of cancellous bone filled with marrow in bulbous shape
Epiphyseal
84
What attaches tendons firmly to bones and contains blood vessels important in growth and repair
Periosteum
85
What is an inner region of cancellous bone called
Dipole
86
What permits the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste products
Osteons
87
______occurs through the addition of osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone
Appositional growth
88
Forms when a blood vessel enters the rapidly changing cartilage model at the midpoint of the diaphysis
Primary ossification
89
______grow in both length and diameter
Long bones
90
Forms immovable joints with three other cranial bones and movable joint with the first clerical vertebra
Occipital bone
91
Articulate with each other and with the nasal, zygomatic, nferior conchae, and palatine bones
Maxilla
92
What is the largest, strongest bone of the face
Mandible
93
Zygomatic bone articulates with 4 bones and they are
Maxillary Temporal Frontal Sphenoid
94
Disorders of the axial skeleton? The one Dr.P put in red
Mastoiditis

A&P Chapter 11, 12, 13 (1 decks)

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