Chapter 11, 12,13

Question 0

What is optimal growth and development dependent upon?

Answer 0

Genetics and environment

Question 1

Name some developmentally appropriate ways to assess small motor skills for 4 to 5 year olds

Answer 1

Puzzles, zippers, writing, turning pages

Question 2

Why do children need daily

Opportunities for large motor skills?

Answer 2

Jump, climb, run, dance, muscle strength

Question 3

Do basic motor skills need to be taught?

Answer 3

Yes , best taught by play

Question 4

What stage of Eriksons are 4 to 5

Year olds in

Answer 4

Preoperational

Question 5

Define affective

Answer 5

Ability to take into account feelings and emotions of others (try to comfort others in distress)

Question 6

Define spatial

Answer 6

Ability to consider others physical view of the environment. (Removes obstacle
To prevent accident)

Question 7

Define Cognitive

Answer 7

Includes ability to consider others thoughts/intentions/organizing/planning a game

Question 8

Authoritative-

Answer 8

Rational and reasoned guidance(inductive) logical limits respectful, consistent, predictable

Question 9

Authoritarian-

Answer 9

Power assertive techniques, controlling, obedience at all

Costs, no explanations, coercive, punitive, expectations exceed capabilities (have limited knowledge of development

Question 10

What adult behaviors foster

Prosocial development ?

Answer 10

Provide opportunities for socio-dramatic play that allows role taking , provide moral influences, literature, tv, toys, video game, computer that project prosocial themes

Question 11

Kohlbergs 3 levels or moral

Thinking

Answer 11

Pre conventional- rules so they don’t get punished

Conventional- good boy/bad boy/ follow rules to get respect from others

Post conventional- independent/mature/ reason out why you do things and why you don’t

Question 12

Irreversibility

Answer 12

The inability to reverse thinking and go back to an original point of thought

Question 13

Identity constancy-

Answer 13

understanding that the characteristics of a person remain the same even in appearance is altered

Question 14

Conservation

Answer 14

Understanding that physical attributes stay the same even though appearance changes

Question 15

Centration

Answer 15

Children focus on specific events rather than attending all stages

Question 16

Information processing theory

Answer 16

Older children learn through memory, associative, attending/ rehearsing strategies on how to process info

Young children can retrieve long term memory for special topics

Question 17

Reversals

Answer 17

Reversing letters/ phrases ( mirror

Reversals

Question 18

Invented spelling

Answer 18

Creating spelling using their perception of sound with symbol relationships

Bs=bus

Question 19

Transformation

Answer 19

Of an event; beginning to end

Question 20

How does play contribute to cognitive, language and literacy and development
?

Answer 20

Helps in using varied methods of problem solving
Enhances children’s understanding or varied tools
Picks up new vocabulary from peers
Creative thinking

Question 21

How can adults foster children’s vocabulary development

Answer 21

Using positive language interactions

Question 22

Erickson and Initiative

Answer 22

They are eager to master new skills use new language ask numerous questions and wants others to play with them

Question 23

Myelination and what skills does it promote

Answer 23

is the process by which a fatty layer, called myelin, accumulates around nerve cells

Better planning, decision making and reasoning skills

Question 24

Laterality

Answer 24

refers to the preference most humans show for one side of their body over the other

Question 25

Dexterity

Answer 25

Ability to use the hands skillfully