Chapter 11, 12,13 Flashcards
What is optimal growth and development dependent upon?
Genetics and environment
Name some developmentally appropriate ways to assess small motor skills for 4 to 5 year olds
Puzzles, zippers, writing, turning pages
Why do children need daily
Opportunities for large motor skills?
Jump, climb, run, dance, muscle strength
Do basic motor skills need to be taught?
Yes , best taught by play
What stage of Eriksons are 4 to 5
Year olds in
Preoperational
Define affective
Ability to take into account feelings and emotions of others (try to comfort others in distress)
Define spatial
Ability to consider others physical view of the environment. (Removes obstacle
To prevent accident)
Define Cognitive
Includes ability to consider others thoughts/intentions/organizing/planning a game
Authoritative-
Rational and reasoned guidance(inductive) logical limits respectful, consistent, predictable
Authoritarian-
Power assertive techniques, controlling, obedience at all
Costs, no explanations, coercive, punitive, expectations exceed capabilities (have limited knowledge of development
What adult behaviors foster
Prosocial development ?
Provide opportunities for socio-dramatic play that allows role taking , provide moral influences, literature, tv, toys, video game, computer that project prosocial themes
Kohlbergs 3 levels or moral
Thinking
Pre conventional- rules so they don’t get punished
Conventional- good boy/bad boy/ follow rules to get respect from others
Post conventional- independent/mature/ reason out why you do things and why you don’t
Irreversibility
The inability to reverse thinking and go back to an original point of thought
Identity constancy-
understanding that the characteristics of a person remain the same even in appearance is altered
Conservation
Understanding that physical attributes stay the same even though appearance changes
Centration
Children focus on specific events rather than attending all stages
Information processing theory
Older children learn through memory, associative, attending/ rehearsing strategies on how to process info
Young children can retrieve long term memory for special topics
Reversals
Reversing letters/ phrases ( mirror
Reversals
Invented spelling
Creating spelling using their perception of sound with symbol relationships
Bs=bus
Transformation
Of an event; beginning to end
How does play contribute to cognitive, language and literacy and development
?
Helps in using varied methods of problem solving
Enhances children’s understanding or varied tools
Picks up new vocabulary from peers
Creative thinking
How can adults foster children’s vocabulary development
Using positive language interactions
Erickson and Initiative
They are eager to master new skills use new language ask numerous questions and wants others to play with them
Myelination and what skills does it promote
is the process by which a fatty layer, called myelin, accumulates around nerve cells
Better planning, decision making and reasoning skills
Laterality
refers to the preference most humans show for one side of their body over the other
Dexterity
Ability to use the hands skillfully
