Chapter 1.1-1.2 Flashcards
What does psychology study?
Studies the behavior of people,the normal, the abnormal,the young, and the old.
What is psychology?
Psychology is the science of behavior.
What is the reason for psychology?
The simple desire to know about things.
What is behavior?
Behavior refers to almost everything anybody does. That is thought,feelings,and actions.
What is philosophy?
Philosophy is the cohnitive activity of speculating thought and analysis. ( asking questions and examining the possible question and answers by reflective thought) . Philosophy is not science, because philosophy is more encompassing.
What is Animism?
Was thought in ancient times that everything in reality was inhabited with unseen spirits.
Structuralism
- wundt and E.B. tichener
- emphasis on sensory experience to underatand the mind. Use introspection techniques.
•Basic elements( sensation and perception break down into smaller parts)
Functionalism
- says function of the mind is for survival and adaption to changing environment.
- emphasized function rather than structure of consciousness.
Behaviorism
- watson & skinner
- emphasis on directly observable behavior and environmental conditions which influences behavior.
- the study of observable behavior.
- watson believed that introspection is unscientific because there is no way to settle disagreements between observers.
- rewards and punishment
Gestalt
•M. Wertheimer, w. kohler, K. Koffka
• emphasizes perceptual interpretation of sensory information. “ whole is greater than the sum of its parts” the human eye sees objects in their entirely before perceiving their individual parts.
• perceptions formed in the brain to make a meaningful pattern.
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Cognitive
- the idea of processing and storing information and how it influences what we perceive , learn , and feel.
- emphasis on internal mental processes.
Psychoanalysis
- freud
- Emphasis on unconscious motivations and childhood experiences which influence behavior.
- dream interpretations.
- childhood experiences.
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Humanism
• Maslov
•Emphasis on self- improvement and striving to become self- actualized .
( being the best you can be.)
Mysticism
One of the original explanations. Before science. Native americans culture, for example can determine a persona essence.
Epistemology
Philosophy about how knowledge is acquired.
Metaphysics
Philosophy dealing with explaining the phenomena of the world and nature of existence.
Socrates
Philosopher who said “ know thyself” so people would examine their own cognition and behavior to better understand others , behavior / thinking.
Behavior
- deals with the action of organisms.
- overt: directly obsevable/ can be seen.
- covert: indirectly observable/ must be inferred.
Philosophy
- The mother of sciences- subjectives( lacks evidence must take tgeir word fir it.)
- some things don,t have to be observed in order to talk about them.
- “as long as you can think it , its real.”
Empiricism
All knowledge comes from sensory experience. If you can,t see/ hear/ smell/ taste/feel, it isn,t relevant-
Objective ( having evidennce ; can be observed by everyone)
Epistemology
Philosophy about how knowledge is acquired. Where does knowledge come from?
Empiricial evidence
Comes from direct sensory experience- “ show me”. Assumes that all knowledge can be measured with senses;
Determinism
Every investigated / observed behavior was caused by something. There is always a cause. { another answer to epistemology.
Finite determinism
Limited bumber of causes; more scientific ; isolate causes without interfering with “ ultimate cause”
Basic research
Curiosity; isolating cause to please yourself.
Applied research
Improves / changes world for everyone else, not just self.
Multiple causuality
Many causes for behavior ; everything has one cause or more.
