Chapter 1.1-1.2

Question 0

What does psychology study?

Answer 0

Studies the behavior of people,the normal, the abnormal,the young, and the old.

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the science of behavior.

Question 2

What is the reason for psychology?

Answer 2

The simple desire to know about things.

Question 3

What is behavior?

Answer 3

Behavior refers to almost everything anybody does. That is thought,feelings,and actions.

Question 4

What is philosophy?

Answer 4

Philosophy is the cohnitive activity of speculating thought and analysis. ( asking questions and examining the possible question and answers by reflective thought) . Philosophy is not science, because philosophy is more encompassing.

Question 5

What is Animism?

Answer 5

Was thought in ancient times that everything in reality was inhabited with unseen spirits.

Question 12

Structuralism

Answer 12

• wundt and E.B. tichener
• emphasis on sensory experience to underatand the mind. Use introspection techniques.

•Basic elements( sensation and perception break down into smaller parts)

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

• says function of the mind is for survival and adaption to changing environment.
• emphasized function rather than structure of consciousness.

Question 14

Behaviorism

Answer 14

• watson & skinner
• emphasis on directly observable behavior and environmental conditions which influences behavior.
• the study of observable behavior.
• watson believed that introspection is unscientific because there is no way to settle disagreements between observers.
• rewards and punishment

Question 15

Gestalt

Answer 15

•M. Wertheimer, w. kohler, K. Koffka
• emphasizes perceptual interpretation of sensory information. “ whole is greater than the sum of its parts” the human eye sees objects in their entirely before perceiving their individual parts.
• perceptions formed in the brain to make a meaningful pattern.
•

Question 16

Cognitive

Answer 16

• the idea of processing and storing information and how it influences what we perceive , learn , and feel.
• emphasis on internal mental processes.

Question 17

Psychoanalysis

Answer 17

• freud
• Emphasis on unconscious motivations and childhood experiences which influence behavior.
• dream interpretations.
• childhood experiences.

•

Question 18

Humanism

Answer 18

• Maslov
•Emphasis on self- improvement and striving to become self- actualized .
( being the best you can be.)

Question 19

Mysticism

Answer 19

One of the original explanations. Before science. Native americans culture, for example can determine a persona essence.

Question 20

Epistemology

Answer 20

Philosophy about how knowledge is acquired.

Question 21

Metaphysics

Answer 21

Philosophy dealing with explaining the phenomena of the world and nature of existence.

Question 22

Socrates

Answer 22

Philosopher who said “ know thyself” so people would examine their own cognition and behavior to better understand others , behavior / thinking.

Question 23

Behavior

Answer 23

• deals with the action of organisms.
• overt: directly obsevable/ can be seen.
• covert: indirectly observable/ must be inferred.

Question 24

Philosophy

Answer 24

• The mother of sciences- subjectives( lacks evidence must take tgeir word fir it.)
• some things don,t have to be observed in order to talk about them.
• “as long as you can think it , its real.”

Question 25

Empiricism

Answer 25

All knowledge comes from sensory experience. If you can,t see/ hear/ smell/ taste/feel, it isn,t relevant-
Objective ( having evidennce ; can be observed by everyone)

Question 26

Epistemology

Answer 26

Philosophy about how knowledge is acquired. Where does knowledge come from?

Question 27

Empiricial evidence

Answer 27

Comes from direct sensory experience- “ show me”. Assumes that all knowledge can be measured with senses;

Question 28

Determinism

Answer 28

Every investigated / observed behavior was caused by something. There is always a cause. { another answer to epistemology.

Question 29

Finite determinism

Answer 29

Limited bumber of causes; more scientific ; isolate causes without interfering with “ ultimate cause”

Question 30

Basic research

Answer 30

Curiosity; isolating cause to please yourself.

Question 31

Applied research

Answer 31

Improves / changes world for everyone else, not just self.

Question 32

Multiple causuality

Answer 32

Many causes for behavior ; everything has one cause or more.