Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is a “radical”?
An atom with an unpaired electron.
What is a displayed formula?
A displayed formula show the relative positions of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a compound made out of hydrogen and carbon only.
What is a structural formula?
A stuctural formula gives the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule e.g. CH3COOH.
What is the skeletal formula?
A skeletal formula is the briefest way of representing organic molecules. Lines are used to indicate alkyl chains, and every corner represents a carbon atom.
What is structural isomerism?
Isomerism is when compound with the same molecular formula have their atom arranged in different orders and/or arrangements.
What is chain isomerism?
The carbon chain is rearranged to create different structures.
What is positional isomerism?
When a functional group changes posistions.
What is functional group isomerism?
occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups.
What is homolytic fission?
when a bond breaks and each atom takes one of the electtons from the bond.
What is heterolytic fission?
when a bond breaks and one atom takes both electrons.
Define aliphatic.
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branches chains, or non aromatic rings.
Define alicyclic
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures, with or without branches.
Define aromatic
some or all the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
What is meant by the term functional group.
The part of the molecule that is responsible for chemical activity
