Chapter 10_Chromosome Organization And Molecular Structure

Question 1

DNA gyrase

Answer 1

(Topoisomerase II) Introduces negative supercoils using energy from ATP.

Question 2

Topoisomerase I

Answer 2

Can relax neagtive supercoils.

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

The DNA protein complex found within eukaryotic chromosomes.

Question 4

Three types of regions are required for chromosomal replication and segregation.

Answer 4

Origins of replication, centromeres, and telomeres.

Question 5

Telomeres

Answer 5

Prevent chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations. They prevent chromosome shortening. Protect chromosomes from digestion via enzymes called exonucleases. Second, an unusual form of DNA replication may occur at the telomere to ensure that eukaryotic chromosomes do not become shortened with each round of replication.

Question 6

Introns

Answer 6

Noncoding intervening sequences

Question 7

Transposable Elements

Answer 7

Segments of DNA that have the ability to move within a genome

Question 8

Retroelement

Answer 8

Can be transcribed into RNA, copied into DNA, and inserted into the genome.