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Allied Health 23-24 > Chapter 10: Words NOT Built From Word Parts > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Words NOT Built From Word Parts Flashcards

The terms listed in this deck of cards are "Terms NOT Built From Word Parts" that originate in the cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, immune system, and blood.,

1
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

Sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction.

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2
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall.

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3
Q

angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

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4
Q

arrhythmia

A

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

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5
Q

cardiac arrest

A

Sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

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6
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

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7
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium and may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally.

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8
Q

What’s the a common cause of heart failure and myocardial infarction?

A

coronary artery disease

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9
Q

cor pulmonale

A

enlargement of the heart’s right ventricle due to pulmonary disease

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10
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

Condition of thrombus (blood clot) in a deep vein of the body, usually occurs in the lower extremities.

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11
Q

fibrillation

A

Rapid, quivering, uncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles causing cardiac arrhythmia.

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11
Q

atrial fibrillation (AFib)

A

the atria quivers instead of contracting, causing an irregular ventricular response.

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of Atrial Fibrillation?

A

Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF), which is intermittent, and Chronic Atrial Fibrillation, which is sustained.

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13
Q

ventricular fibrillation (VF)

A

the heart doesn’t contract and blood flow stops, causing a medical emergency that may result in sudden death.

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14
Q

heart failure

A

Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

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15
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

Disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure. May be associated with hypertrophy or dilation of the chambers of the heart (due to thinning and stretching of the heart muscle).

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15
Q

intermittent claudication

A

Condition of pain, tension, and weakness in a limb that starts when you begin walking, it increases until walking is no longer possible, and then completely resolves when the patient is at rest. Caused by reversible muscle ischemia that occurs with peripheral artery disease.

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16
Q

Mitral Valve Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by an episode of rheumatic fever.

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17
Q

myocardial infarction

A

Death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply.

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17
Q

peripheral artery disease

A

Disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery.

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18
Q

Symptoms Raynaud (RA-NO) Phenomenon Include:

A

intermittent, symmetric attacks of cyanosis and pallor of the distal ends of the fingers and toes often caused by exposure to cold temperatures.

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19
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever.

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20
Q

rheumatic fever

A

an inflammatory disease, usually occurring in children and young adults after an upper respiratory tract streptococcal infection.

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21
Q

varicose veins

A

Distended or tortuous veins are usually found in the lower extremities. Usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs.

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22
Q

Causes of Varicose Veins are …

A

heredity, obesity, pregnancy, illness, or injury

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23
Q

Treatments for Varicose Veins include:

A

laser ablation, ambulatory phlebectomy, and sclerotherapy.

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24
Q

artificial cardiac pacemaker

A

Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart. Used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node.

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25
Q

sinus node of the heart

A

Consists of specialized fibers that are responsible for initiating nerve impulses that tell the heart muscles when to contract.

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26
Q

automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator

A

Device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm.

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27
Q

catheter ablation

A

Procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes the cells.

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28
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries

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29
Q

coronary stent

A

Supportive scaffold device is placed in the coronary artery. Used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy; used to treat an artery occluded by plaque.

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30
Q

femoropopliteal bypass

A

Surgery to establish an alternate route from the femoral artery to the popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction

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31
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

Procedure in which a balloon is advanced into a coronary artery to the area where plaque has formed.

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32
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

Injection of a medication either intravenously or intra-arterially to dissolve blood clots. It’s often used in emergency departments for acute myocardial infarction.

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33
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

Process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that “subtracts” or removes structures not being studied

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34
Q

doppler ultrasound

A

Study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels. Used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities.

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35
Q

sestamibi test

A

Nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery.

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36
Q

single-photon emission computed tomography

A

Nuclear medicine test that collects a series of images as a Gamma camera rotates around the patient.

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37
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

Ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides more direct views of the heart structures

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38
Q

catheter catheterization

A

Diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels.

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39
Q

exercise stress test

A

Study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill.

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40
Q

chemical stress testing

A

the use of drugs to stimulate the stress of physical exercise on the body.

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41
Q

blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls.

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42
Q

systole

A

the cardiac-cycle phase in which the ventricles contract and eject blood

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43
Q

diastole

A

the phase in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions.

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44
Q

pulse

A

Contraction of the heart, which can be felt with a fingertip.

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45
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Device used for measuring blood pressure

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46
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which when elevated, indicates inflammation in the blood.

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47
Q

creatine phosphokinase

A

Blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis.

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48
Q

lipid profile

A

Blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids (fat-like substances) in a sample of blood.

49
Q

biomarker

A

a naturally occurring substance of certain body cells that can be measured in the blood and used to aid in the diagnosis of various disorders.

49
Q

troponin

A

Blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme.

50
Q

bruit

A

Sound heard over an artery during auscultation resulting from vibration in the vessel wall caused by turbulent blood flow.

51
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

Excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood.

52
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive amount of any type of fats (lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol) in the blood.

53
Q

hypertension

A

Blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 130/80 mm Hg in adults under the age of 60)

54
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

Excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood.

55
Q

hypotension

A

Blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60 mm Hg in adults under the age of 60)

56
Q

murmur

A

Unusual sound heard during auscultation of the heart caused by turbulent blood flow.

57
Q

occlusion

A

Closing or blockage of a blood vessel or hollow organ

58
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

Emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions.

59
Q

defibrillation

A

Application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

60
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

Agent that narrows the diameter of the blood vessels

61
Q

vasodilator

A

Agent that expands the diameter of the blood vessels

62
Q

cholesterol

A

A compound important in the production of sex hormones, steroids, cell membranes, and bile acids.

63
Q

high-density lipoprotein

A

A type of lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and transports it to the liver to be excreted in the bile.

64
Q

triglycerides

A

a form of fat in the blood

64
Q

low-density lipoprotein

A

A type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to the tissue and deposits it on the walls of the arteries.

65
Q

total cholesterol

A

A measurement of the cholesterol components LDL, HDL, and VLDL (triglyceride carriers) in the blood

65
Q

anemia

A

Condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes.

66
Q

very-low-density lipoprotein

A

A type of lipoprotein that transports most of the triglycerides in the blood.

67
Q

bleeding disorder

A

Disease in which there is an inability to form proper blood clots.

67
Q

hemophilia

A

Inherited bleeding disorder, most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII.

68
Q

leukemia

A

Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow.

68
Q

sickle cell disease

A

Group of inherited red blood cell disorders (anemias) where hemoglobin is abnormally shaped and has a shorter life cycle.

68
Q

sepsis

A

Systemic inflammatory response caused by pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, entering the bloodstream and multiplying.

69
Q

thalassemia

A

Inherited bleeding disorder causing reduced production of healthy blood cells and hemoglobin.

70
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

Procedure to obtain a sample of the solid portion of bone marrow, usually from the ilium (upper hip bone) for study.

70
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

Procedure to obtain a sample of the liquid portion of bone marrow, usually from the ilium (upper hip bone) for study.

70
Q

bleeding profile

A

Series of tests that measure the ability of various factors in the blood to form a clot.

71
Q

bone marrow

A

is contained within spongy bone, which is located primarily at the ends of long bones and in the center of other bones.

71
Q

activated partial thromboplastin time

A

Blood test that measures the ability of the blood to clot by assessing intrinsic blood factors.

72
Q

blood coagulation

A

the process that causes blood to clot and helps prevent excessive blood loss through a cut, puncture or other trauma to blood vessels.

72
Q

complete blood count with differential

A

Laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets).

72
Q

hematocrit

A

Percentage of a blood sample that is composed of erythrocytes.

73
Q

hemoglobin

A

Blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.

73
Q

prothrombin time

A

Blood test that measures the ability of the blood to clot by assessing extrinsic blood factors.

73
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

Infusion of healthy bone marrow cells from a matched donor into a patient with severely diseased or damaged bone marrow. The donor cells may establish a colony of new, healthy tissue in the recipient’s bone marrow.

73
Q

infusion

A

the introduction of fluid into the bloodstream through a vein.

73
Q

phlebotomist

A

Person who performs venipuncture for the purpose of drawing blood or injecting IV fluids

74
Q

peripheral blood stem cell transplant

A

Infusion of blood-forming cells (stem cells) to replace blood cells damaged by disease or treatments.

74
Q

anticoagulant

A

Agent that slows the blood clotting process

74
Q

perfusionist

A

Person who operates the heart-lung machine during surgeries where the patient’s blood must be oxygenated outside of the body.

74
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

Any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

75
Q

extravasation

A

Escape of blood or other fluid from a vessel into the tissue

75
Q

venipuncture

A

Procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, install a medication, or start an intravenous infusion

76
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

anemia due to increased destruction of red blood cells

76
Q

Anemia Due To Blood Loss

A

acute blood loss anemia as a result of hemorrhage

77
Q

Types of Anemia Due to Decreased Production of Red Blood Cells

A

iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia

78
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

not enough iron in the body to produce hemoglobin

78
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

resulting from bone marrow failure

78
Q

acute leukemia

A

Develops quickly with rapid progression of the disease. Both adults and children may develop acute leukemia.

79
Q

chronic leukemia

A

Develops slowly with gradual disease progression and most often occurs in adults

79
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

ineffective production of red blood cells due to vitamin B12 deficiency

79
Q

allergy

A

Hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory immune response

79
Q

myelogenous leukemia

A

Affects the myeloid cells, which form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

80
Q

lymphocytic leukemia

A

Affects the lymphoid cells, which form lymph tissue

80
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

Advanced, chronic immune system suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

80
Q

lymphedema

A

Swelling of tissue, usually of one arm or leg, caused by faulty lymphatic drainage

80
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

When it leads to a drop in blood pressure and blockage of the airway.

81
Q

anaphylaxis

A

Exaggerated reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex.

81
Q

immunodeficiency

A

Disorder caused by an inability to produce an adequate immune response due to a lack of functioning antibodies, lymphocytes, or both.

81
Q

autoimmune disease

A

Disease caused by the body’s inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies.

82
Q

opportunistic infections

A

Illnesses caused by microorganisms that are not usually pathogenic but result in disease because of a weakened immune system.

82
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Disease in which clumps of inflammatory cells form in one or more organs of the body, frequently the lungs, and lymph nodes.

82
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Blood test that determines the amount of time it takes for red blood cells to settle at the bottom of a tube of blood.

82
Q

allergist

A

Physician who studies and treats allergic conditions

82
Q

allergen

A

Environmental substance capable of producing a hypersensitivity reaction (allergy) in the body.

83
Q

hypersensitivity

A

refers to a condition in which the body “overreacts” to something which it perceives to be a foreign substance.

83
Q

antibody

A

Protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance.

83
Q

antigen

A

Substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body.

83
Q

immunity

A

Being resistant to specific invading pathogens

83
Q

inherited immunity

A

develops before birth and is also called inborn immunity

84
Q

immunosuppression

A

State in which in the body’s ability to fight infections or disease is reduced

84
Q

vaccine

A

Suspension of weakened or killed microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray, which induces immunity to prevent an infectious disease

84
Q

acquired immunity

A

develops after birth naturally, when antigen exposure isn’t deliberate, or artificially, when antigen exposure is deliberate.

Allied Health 23-24 (1 decks)

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