Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards
What is the Middle Ages?
The Period in western European history from the decline and fall of the Roman Empire until the 15th century.
This period is often characterized by feudalism, the rise of monarchies, and the influence of the Church.
What is a Moldboard?
Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the middle ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils.
This technological innovation significantly improved agricultural productivity.
Who is Peter Abelard?
Author of Yes and No; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology.
He demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine.
Who founded monasticism in the western half of the Roman Empire?
St. Benedict of Nursia.
He established the Benedictine Rule in the 6th century.
What is Scholasticism?
Dominant medieval philosophical approach based on the use of logic to resolve theological problems.
It was so called because of its base in the schools or universities.
Who were the Serfs?
Peasant agriculture laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages.
They were often bound to the land and worked in exchange for protection.
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
Creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris.
He believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God.
What is the Three-field system?
System of agricultural cultivation by 9th century in western Europe; included one-third in spring grains, one third fallow.
This method increased agricultural efficiency and productivity.
Who are Vassals?
Members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a feudal lord in return for military service and loyalty.
They played a crucial role in the feudal system.
Who were the Vikings?
Seagoing Scandinavian raiders from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of western Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries.
Their raids contributed to the spread of trade and cultural exchanges.
What did Urban II do in 1095?
Called the first crusade and appealed to Christians to mount a military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.
This event marked the beginning of the Crusades.
Yes
No
No
Yes
Who emphasized the role of faith in social structure during the medieval period?
Bernard of Clairvaux
What is the collection of poems known as that is associated with medieval literature?
Caten in Tale
What was the role of Charlemagne in western Europe?
Ended Muslim threat to western Europe
Who was Clovis and what was his significance?
Early Frankish king; converted Franks to Christianity
Define feudalism.
A system of government and social organization in medieval Europe
What is the Gothic architectural style characterized by?
Pointed arches and flying buttresses
Who was Gregory VII and what was his conflict?
Pope who quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over lay investiture
What are guilds?
Sworn associations of people in the same business or craft
What was the purpose of the Hanseatic League?
Establishing a commercial alliance among cities
What did the Holy Roman Emperors claim after the split of Charlemagne’s empire?
Divine monarchy
What is the Magna Carta?
Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215
Fill in the blank: The _______ system describes the economic relationship between landowners and laborers during the Middle Ages.
Manorial
