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ap human geography > Chapter 10 Vocab. > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Vocab. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Geopolitics?

A

The study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states.

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2
Q

What is territoriality?

A

A willingness by one person or a group of people to defend the space they claim.

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3
Q

How do people express territoriality?

A

When they influence others or shape events by asserting control over space.

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4
Q

Why is applying territoriality complex?

A

People often disagree regarding cultural forces and economic interests when choosing territories, maps with boundaries of a state as clear, precise lines might suggest them as well-defined, people might hotly disagree over the boundaries or ignore them, or a state’s sovereignty might be well-established, but people might not fully accept it.

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5
Q

What is one thing that territoriality is close to?

A

Economics

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6
Q

What does “defined” boundary mean?

A

A boundary established by a legal document.

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7
Q

What does “delimited” mean?

A

Boundary lines that are drawn on a map.

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8
Q

What does “demarcated” mean?

A

Boundaries on the physical landscape, such as signs, fences, or walls.

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9
Q

What do boundaries do?

A

They signal where people agree that one political entity ends or begins, and help people within them know what territory is theirs to administer and what is not.

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10
Q

What is a defined boundary?

A

Is one established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one base entity from another (invisible line). The entity could range from a country to a single plot of real estate.

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11
Q

What is a delimited boundary?

A

Is one identified by physical objects placed on the landscapes.

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12
Q

What is a natural boundary?

A

Is based on physical features and separate entites.

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13
Q

What is a geometric boundary?

A

A straight line is drawn by people that do not follow any physical feature closely.

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14
Q

What is a cultural boundary?

A

It is based on human traits or behavior, so it often exists in the midst of a gradual change over space.

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15
Q

What are Definitional Boundary Disputes?

A

They occur when two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary.

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16
Q

What are Locational Boundary Disputes?

A

They are boundary disputes that center on where a boundary should be.

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17
Q

What is Irredentism?

A

It occurs when one country seeks to annex territory in another because it has ties to a part of the population that lives there.

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18
Q

What are Operational Boundary Disputes?

A

It centers not on where a boundary is, but how it functions.

19
Q

What are Allocational Boundary Disputes?

A

It is when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries.

20
Q

What is an Antecedent boundary?

A

A boundary drawn before a large population was present.

21
Q

What is an Subsequent

(Ethnographic) boundary?

A

A boundary drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences.

22
Q

What is a Relic boundary?

A

A boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape.

23
Q

What is an Superimposed boundary?

A

A boundary drawn by outside powers.

24
Q

What is a Militarized boundary?

A

A boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement. It could have also been split due to wars.

25
Q

What is an Open boundary?

A

A boundary where crossing is unimpeded.

26
Q

What makes up the United Nations Convention of the Law of The Sea?

A

Territorial Sea, Contagious Zone (EEZ), Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and High Seas.

27
Q

What is Territorial Sea?

A

Up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged.

28
Q

What is a Contagious Zone?

A

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 miles where they can enforce laws on customs, immigrants, and sanitiations.

29
Q

What is Exclusive Economic Zone?

A

Coastal states can explore extract minerals, manage up to 200 nautical miles.

30
Q

What is High Seas?

A

Water beyond the EEZ is open to all states.

31
Q

What is Electoral Geography?

A

Legislative districts in the U.S. are redrawn every 10 years to ensure each has about the same population.

32
Q

How many districts and U.S. House of Represeatives are there?

A

435.

33
Q

When are districts redrawn?

A

Every 10 years, following the Census.

34
Q

What is Gerrymandering?

A

A process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. There are two types.

35
Q

What is cracking?

A

Spreading your opponents out over several districts in order to leave your party with a slight majority in most districts.

36
Q

What is packing?

A

Concentrating your opponent’s supports into as few districts as possible.

37
Q

What does Electorate mean?

A

In representative democracies, citizens vote for leaders to govern on their behalf. At the national, State/Provincial, and local levels, these elected officials represent citizens.

38
Q

What is the Census?

A

A count of the population every 10 years.

39
Q

What is Reapportionment?

A

Changing the number of representatives granted to each state so it reflects the state’s population.

40
Q

What is Redistricting?

A

State legislature then redraw district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people.

41
Q

What is a Shatterbelt?

A

A region that suffers instability because it’s located between two very different regions.

42
Q

What is a Unitary State?

A

It places most power in the hands of the central government. In France, a very strong national government usually dominates local government decisions.

43
Q

What is a Federal State?

A

It allocates strong power to units of local government within the country. Russia, Canada, the US, Brazil, and India are all federal states. There is a strong global movement toward federal systems to offer more autonomy to ethnic groups.

ap human geography (1 decks)

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