Chapter 10 to 14 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
A
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities.
Ethnicity is the quality or fact of belonging to a population group or subgroup made up of people who share a common cultural background or decent.
2
Q
Between what year were Chinese workers brought to Canada to work as contract labourers on the Canadian Pacific Railway? How many Chinese workers were brought?
A
1881 and 1884.
Approximately 15,000 Chinese workers were brought to Canada from China to work as Contract Labourers.
3
Q
Why were a series of laws put after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway?
A
Laws were put in place to exclude or limit the number of Chinese and south Asian immigrants to Canada.
4
Q
Chinese immigrants had to pay a flat fee known as _____ in order to enter Canada.
A
The “head tax”.
5
Q
Between what years did the Chinese immigrants need to pay this flat fee?
A
1885 to 1923.
6
Q
How much was this flat fee?
A
50 dollars in 1885 (raising to $100 in 1901 and to $500 in 1904; this was an average 2-year wage for a Chinese person in Canada).
7
Q
When was the “head tax” eliminated?
A
1923
8
Q
Even after the head tax was eliminated, Canada enforced other laws that made it impossible for Chinese men to bring their families to Canada, how long did these laws remain in place?
A
Until 1947.
9
Q
The federal government signed a 2.5 million deal with the national congress of Chinese Canadians and other Chinese Canadian groups in what year?
A
2005.
10
Q
What is Apartheid?
A
Apartheid refers to the implementation of legalized racial segregation, depriving one racial group of political and civil rights.
11
Q
What is internment?
A
Internment is the forcible confinement or detention of a person during wartime.
12
Q
During WWII, what year were Japanese Canadians evicted from the pacific coast? This was known as what?
A
- The greatest mass movement in Canadian history.
13
Q
Directly after pearl harbor, Japanese Canadian’s, were considered ________, whether they were citizens or not.
A
Enemy Aliens
14
Q
The internment of Japanese Canadian’s lead to what?
A
Their homes, businesses, and properties were confiscated to pay for their internment and they were thrown into internment camps all over Canada.
15
Q
What year did BC allow displaced Japanese Canadian’s Canadians to return?
A
1949.
16
Q
What year did the Canadian government apologize and compensate surviving members of the Japanese Wartime Community?
A
1988.
17
Q
What demographic of Muslim population have the highest percentage of hate crime victims from the year 2010 to 2013?
A
Female Muslims (at 4% according to the National Counsel of Canadian Muslims).
The National Council of Canadian Muslims noted that a particularly high percentage of attacks against individuals involved Muslim women wearing hijabs.
18
Q
How bad is islamophobia in Canada?
From the youtube video
A
Percentage of Canadian’s who believe the Muslim faith and view of Islam is unfavourable, unjust, untrusted, and inappropriate averages out to 49% of Canadians.
19
Q
What is Anti-Semitism?
A
Prejudice against, against, hatred of, or discrimination against Jewish people as an ethnic, religious, or racial group. A person who hold these beliefs is known as an anti-Semite.
20
Q
During and immediately after WWII, how did the Canadian react to European Jewish people?
A
They were reluctant to allow them to enter the country as refugees.
21
Q
Slavery was introduced to by whom? And in what year?
A
The French. 1628.
22
Q
Slavery was abolished in most parts of the British Empire in Canada on what day?
A
August 1, 1834.
23
Q
Black Canadians were subjected to what legislation?
A
Enforcement of segregated schools and communities and limited property rights.
24
Q
When did Canada give Black citizens the right to pursue formal education, respectable jobs, welfare assistance, and civil and humanitarian rights?
A
1953 - 1954.
25
When did Canada enforce the Multicultural Act?
1971, Canada became the first country to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy.
26
What is the Multicultural act?
A policy, mandating that federal departments ensure equal employment opportunities for ethnic and racial groups.
27
What is the point system? When was it introduced?
Introduced in 1967.
Immigrants could now qualify based on criteria such as education, work experience, language fluency, and age.
28
What are examples of anti-racist approaches that emphasize community empowerment to combat hate crimes in social work?
Fostering the creation of advocacy and support groups and working with community organizations to promote anti-racist perspective through education.
29
Anti-racist social work practices involve addressing racism at 3 levels. What are they?
1. Personal (practice must be free of racism and must challenge racist practices by others)
2. Institutional (service agencies and other organizations must pursue non- discriminatory policies and practices)
3. Societal (legislation and government policies must be changed to remove barriers to racial groups).
30
How does applying community actions and empowerment through social work help promote anti-racist practicum?
The funding and uprising of organizations that can provide services to marginalized group, providing an inclusive and safe environment.
31
What is cultural competence?
It is the integration of cultural differences that results in an ability to work effectively within another's cultural context.
32
When did they pass the bill of rights in Canada?
1960.
33
When did all provinces enact on the Humans rights legislation?
By 1975 all provinces had human rights codes.
34
When did the Charter of Rights and Freedoms supersede the Canadian Bill of Rights?
1982.
35
What does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantee?
1. Freedom of conscience and religion, thought, belief, opinion, and expression.
2. Peaceful assembly and association
3. Democratic rights
4. Geographical mobility rights
5. Legal rights
6. Equality rights.
36
What are the 5 theories of aging?
1. Disengagement theory
2. Active Theory
3. Continuity theory
4. Role Theory
5. Life Course Theory
37
What is Active Theory?
That older adults are happiest when they stay active and maintain social interactions. Life satisfaction decreases with age and can be relieved by engaging in various activities.
38
What is disengagement theory?
Individual adjustment to aging is accomplished by withdrawing from their social life (a natural and inevitable process).
39
What is Continuity theory?
Based on the notion that old age is continuation of a person's past, rather than a break with it (elaborating on active theory).
40
What is Life Course Theory?
Theory of how individuals take various distinct pathways through life as they move through different periods.
41
What is Role Theory?
People that age lose their social roles and this loss can lead to social isolation due to decreased social interaction. (An understanding of adjustment of aging to the new roles entailed in getting older).
42
Which of the five theories of age is deemed most effective in social work practicum?
Life Course Theory, due to the advantage of addressing both the individual and the broader contextual issues surrounding aging.
This approach does not view old age as any less satisfying. Rather, it views each period as having benefits, limitations, and characteristics and is unique in that it discusses issues in terms of life events rather than age.
43
What is a Strengths-based Approach?
Focuses on individuals’ potential and capabilities rather than on their limitations.
44
What is a Solutions-Focused Approach?
Targets client's default solution patterns, evaluates them for efficacy, and modified/replaces them with problem solving approaches that work.
45
What are the three main factors that account for the aging of the Canadian population?
1. The baby boom.
2. Low birth rates.
3. Increasing life expectancy.
46
What is the baby boom?
Refers to the large number of individuals born between 1946 and 1966 who are now entering their senior years.
47
What is ageism?
Refers to any attitude, action, or institutional structure that oppresses a person or group of people on the basis of age
48
What is medicalization? What is the social work value in reference to medicalization?
Refers to our society's tendency to label the concerns of older adults as medical issues. Current social work value systems shift the emphasis away from medicalization and towards self-empowerment and social engagement.
49
Have seniors increased the cost of medical care?
No. The increased cost to the health-care system due to aging is projected to be no more than one percent per year. The main cost increases are inflation, a rising overall population, and advances in medical technologies.
50
What is elder abuse?
Any action by someone in a position of trust or power that results in harm or distress of an older person.
51
What is institutional abuse?
Any act of omission directed at a residence that causes the person harm or that wrongfully deprives that person of their independence.
52
How many Canadians must rely on public pension programs supplementing their own savings?
About 60% of Canadians
53
How many Canadian's don't have a long-term financial plan for long-term care if they need it?
75%
54
What does two spirited mean?
A First Nations team that recognizes gender as a continuum and includes sexual or gender identity, sexual orientation, and social values.
55
What is Androgen Insensitive Syndrome?
A person who is genetically male (who has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones (called androgens). As a result, the person has some or all of the physical traits of a woman, but the genetic makeup of a man.
56
What is sexology?
A field of study that attempted to classify sexual desire and gender identity.
57
Who was Karl Heinrich Urlichs?
Karl Heinrich Urlichs, a German lawyer, who developed scientific theories of homosexuality.
He saw homosexuality as inborn and natural, in other words, a biological variation.
He was vocal in the fight to decriminalize homosexuality.
58
Who was Richard Von Krafft Ebing?
He wrote about the categorization of "abnormal" sexual behaviour titled "psychopathia sexualis," and defined heterosexuality as reproductive sex and homosexual as same sex desire.
59
What were two major historical developments over the past 50 years that have helped to shape our thinking about gender and sexuality?
1. Sexology
2. Community Activism.
60
Who was Alfred Kinsey?
A second generation theorist who wrote the Kinsey Report.
61
What was the Kinsey Report, titled "Sexual Behaviour in Human Males"? When was it written?
Written in 1928, The Report surveyed a variety of people about their sexual habits, revealing that 37% of men in Kinsey's survey reported having had a homosexual experience. His research provided much of the basis for the political analysis developed by members of the gay liberation movements in the early 1970s.
62
Why was the Kinsey Report groundbreaking?
It suggested that everyday sexual behaviour often transgressed laws, public opinion and social norms and challenged heterosexism.
63
What is heterosexism?
A system of oppression that assumes heterosexuality as normal and superior.
64
What did the first generation of sexology theorize?
Biological determinism (medical colonization).
65
What did the second generation of sexology theorize?
Social Constructionism
66
What are the limitations of biological determinism?
1. “Sexual diversity and gender identity are rooted in biology” has not ended homophobia, heterosexualism, and cis-sexualism.
2. Scientific "truths" related to the gender and sexuality have consistently been shown to reflect current socio-political norms and values.
67
What is heterosexual privilege?
Giving a negative connotation to homosexuals, where they are negatively affected in employment, by violence, and the media.
68
What is Social Constructionism?
A Second Generation sexology theory that describes that sexualities are constructed by social and cultural context and by our cultural histories.
69
When was homosexuality removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?
1973.
70
What was the Stonewall Riots? When did the riots start?
Centered at the Stonewall Inn, the Stonewall Riots (rebellion, revolution) were a series of violent conflicts between LGBT people and New York City police officers that began during a June 28, 1969. The police raid and lasted several days.
71
What was Bill C-150? Who helped pass this law in Canada?
Pierre Trudeau. It was the decriminalization of "gay sex", if committed in private between two consenting adults over the age of 21.
72
What is the percentage of people with disabilities in the world?
15% or one billion people live with disabilities.
73
How many people in Canada are estimated to have a dsiability?
3.8 million people over the age of 15 have a disability, representing about 14% of Canadian's total population.
74
How much of the Canadian Population is affected by a disability?
53%.
75
What is ableism?
the Stigmatization of disability and the existence of prejudicial attitudes held by people without disabilities towards those it. Can be seen as a belief of superiority over people over people with disabilities and can take the form of ideas and assumptions, stereotypes, practices, physical barriers in the environment, and larger-scale (systemic) oppression.
76
What was the Poor Relief Act? When was it created?
The Poor Relief Act, popularly known as the "Elizabethan Poor Law," was created in England and Wales in 1601. It was developed in means of determining who would be entitled to "social support."
77
What was "outdoor relief"?
Outdoor relief meant that persons with disabilities were cared for through non-institutional methods of relief and were part of the community. Such as given money, food, clothing, or goods to alleviate poverty without enter an institute.
78
What was the outcome of the mid-19th century?
Outdoor relief came to be seen as a mechanism that created dependency so persons with disabilities were removed from society and placed in segregated institutions (e.g. asylums, workhouses, poor houses, special schools, chronic care facilities, and hospitals).
79
What are the two theoretical approaches of understanding disabilities and advocacy?
1. Medical model/personal tragedy theory - views disability as an “impairment” / a “personal tragedy” and emphasizes the need of the individual to adapt within mainstream society.
2. Political rights model/social oppression theory - The problems faced by people with disabilities are not the result of physical impairments alone but are the result of the social and political inequality that exists between people with and without disabilities.
80
What is wrong with institutional care?
Persons with disabilities are segregated from society.
81
Who was Ed Roberts?
Ed Roberts was the founder of the independent living movement. He self advocated for himself to attend the University of California, Berkeley in 1962 and founded the physically disabled students program, run by and for disabled students on campus.
82
What is the Independent Living Movement?
Is a non-traditional service-providing organization that emphasize in peer support, self-direction, and community integration by and for people with disabilities themselves.
.
83
What was the Cowell Residence Program?
In the early 1960s, students with severe disabilities were housed in Cowell Hospital on campus. A group of students with disabilities began to recognize that medical/rehabilitation professionals largely controlled their lives. Their efforts to take back control inspired the ILM and the disability rights movement of the 1970s and continue to do today.
84
What is the Independent Living Movement philosophy
The philosophy of the Independent Living Movement is to encourage and assist persons with disabilities achieve self-direction over the personal and community services needed to attain their own independent living.
85
What are two contrasting paradigms for theories of disabilities?
Rehabilitation Paradigm and Independent Living Paradigm
86
What are the differences between the two paradigms.
Rehabilitation paradigm focuses on the medical model where the problem lies within a person's physical impairment/lack of employment skills. The locus of problem is the individual and the solutions provided focus on professional intervention.
Independent Living paradigm focuses on social oppression theory, where the problem derives from being too dependent on professionals or relatives, etc., and are not provided with a proper environment or rehabilitation process. The solution to the problem are more focused on peer counseling, advocacy, self-help, consumer control and removal of barriers.
87
How are disability programs funded? What are some examples?
They are covered by federal, provincial, and municipal legislation. For example, the Canada Pension Plan, Disability Benefits (federal), Family Benefits plan (provincial), and General Welfare Assistance (a municipal plan in Ontario).
88
What are privately funded disability programs?
They are provided through private insurance plans or long-term disability plans as part of job benefits based on the amount of funding that the recipient has contributed directly to the plan, or funding that has been contributed to the plan on behalf of the recipient.
89
What 3 types of support a social worker can provide for a client with a disability?
1. Focus on Support for Families, people with disabilities and families of those with disabilities need a stable support system.
2. Building family supports by having them recognize their strengths to maintain a solid system.
3. The person's status within the family - the impact of disability on a family is influence by who has become disabled. By assessing their status, it will provide a social worker with a better choice on which intervention to apply.
90
What is the AIDS and HIV demographic?
Of the global total of 34 million people living with HIV today, an estimated 23.5 million (69%) live in Sub-Saharan Africa. 92% of all pregnant women living with HIV and 90% of the world children living with HIV live in this sub-region.
91
What is a Third World country?
A country whose views are not aligned with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and capitalism or the Soviet Union and Communism.
92
What is the North-South Divide?
Economic division of the world along the lines of wealthy nations in the North and poor or developing nations in the South.
93
Global South have approximately 75% of the worlds people but only.... what?
15% of the world's energy consumption
17% of the world's Gross National Product (GNP)
30% of the world's food grains
18% of the world's export earnings
11% of the world's education spending
9% of the world's health expenditure
5% of the world's science and technology
8% of the world's industry.
94
What is the context of international social work?
For globalization to be politically, economically and environmentally sustainable, contribute to the reduction of inequality, and lead to a better life for all.
95
What is sustainable development?
SD is about improving the standard of living by protecting human health, conserving the environment, using resources efficiently, and advancing long-term economic competitiveness.
96
When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations?
1948.
97
What are the three type of Universal Human Rights?
1. First Generation (liberty): Negative Rights
2. Second Generation (equality): Positive Rights
3. Third Generation (fraternity): Collective Rights
98
What are negative rights?
First generation of civil and political rights.
They pertain to liberty and political participation and ensure protection of basic human rights such as freedom from torture, false imprisonment, or summary execution.
99
What are Positive rights?
Second Generation of economic, social, and cultural rights.
These rights are aimed at ensuring equality, justice, freedom from want, and participation in society, including employment rights, housing and health care rights, as well as the right to social security.
Right to health care, housing, education, foods, social welfare, etc.
100
What are collective rights?
This category goes beyond formal civil and social rights usually enshrined in the fraternity of national and international laws, including such things as self-determination, economic and social development, healthy environment, communication, cultural heritage, and sustainability.
101
What are the different international organizations that social workers work with?
1. Intergovernmental organizations,
2. Non-governmental organizations,
3. Religious groups and humanitarian organizations
4. Community organizations
102
What are intergovernmental organizations/international governmental organizations (IGOs)?
It refers to an entity created by treaties, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest.
In the absence of a treaty an IGO does not exist in the legal sense.
103
What are non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
NGOs are international organizations that are not directly linked to governments nor conventional for-profit businesses and usually set up by ordinary citizens, NGOs may be funded by governments, foundations, businesses, or private donors.
104
What kind of organization is United nations considered to be?
IGO
105
What kind of organization is Greenpeace considered to be?
NGO
106
What kind of organization is the World Trade Organization considered to be?
IGO
107
What kind of organization is Amnesty international considered to be?
IGO
108
What kind of organization is North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) considered to be?
IGO
109
What kind of organization is Doctors without Borders considered to be?
NGO
110
What kind of organization is Red Cross considered to be?
Neither
111
What kind of organization is Canada World Youth considered to be?
NGO
112
What does the newer term racialized minorities/racialized group make clear?
That race is not a biological concept but a socially constructed one.
113
What is medical colonization?
Medical colonialism refers to "a culture or ideology that uses medical practices and policies to establish, maintain [or] advance a genocidal colonial project."
Therefore, when it comes to sexuality, if the "gay gene" were to be determined - heterosexism would occur, where parents might choose the options to abort their child if they knew they were to grow up "gay."
114
What is biological determinism?
The idea that most human characteristics, physical and mental, are determined at conception by hereditary factors passed from parent to offspring.
115
What are the similarities and differences of Canadian Universal Health Care across the provinces?
Similarities - The range and types of supports and services provided.
For example, covering the cost of wheelchairs, canes, eyeglasses, walkers, attendant care services, home care, and transportation.
Differences - eligibility requirements and the amount of funding for the various supports and services.
For example, there are provincial programs based on specific legislation (e.g. Ontario Disability Support Program Act (ON); Disability Benefits Program Act (BC), etc.)
116
How many independent living resources centers were operating across Canada by 2015?
In 2015, a total of 25 Independent Living Resource Centres (ILRCs) were operating across Canada
