Chapter 10 to 14 Flashcards
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities.
Ethnicity is the quality or fact of belonging to a population group or subgroup made up of people who share a common cultural background or decent.
Between what year were Chinese workers brought to Canada to work as contract labourers on the Canadian Pacific Railway? How many Chinese workers were brought?
1881 and 1884.
Approximately 15,000 Chinese workers were brought to Canada from China to work as Contract Labourers.
Why were a series of laws put after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway?
Laws were put in place to exclude or limit the number of Chinese and south Asian immigrants to Canada.
Chinese immigrants had to pay a flat fee known as _____ in order to enter Canada.
The “head tax”.
Between what years did the Chinese immigrants need to pay this flat fee?
1885 to 1923.
How much was this flat fee?
50 dollars in 1885 (raising to $100 in 1901 and to $500 in 1904; this was an average 2-year wage for a Chinese person in Canada).
When was the “head tax” eliminated?
1923
Even after the head tax was eliminated, Canada enforced other laws that made it impossible for Chinese men to bring their families to Canada, how long did these laws remain in place?
Until 1947.
The federal government signed a 2.5 million deal with the national congress of Chinese Canadians and other Chinese Canadian groups in what year?
2005.
What is Apartheid?
Apartheid refers to the implementation of legalized racial segregation, depriving one racial group of political and civil rights.
What is internment?
Internment is the forcible confinement or detention of a person during wartime.
During WWII, what year were Japanese Canadians evicted from the pacific coast? This was known as what?
- The greatest mass movement in Canadian history.
Directly after pearl harbor, Japanese Canadian’s, were considered ________, whether they were citizens or not.
Enemy Aliens
The internment of Japanese Canadian’s lead to what?
Their homes, businesses, and properties were confiscated to pay for their internment and they were thrown into internment camps all over Canada.
What year did BC allow displaced Japanese Canadian’s Canadians to return?
1949.
What year did the Canadian government apologize and compensate surviving members of the Japanese Wartime Community?
1988.
What demographic of Muslim population have the highest percentage of hate crime victims from the year 2010 to 2013?
Female Muslims (at 4% according to the National Counsel of Canadian Muslims).
The National Council of Canadian Muslims noted that a particularly high percentage of attacks against individuals involved Muslim women wearing hijabs.
How bad is islamophobia in Canada?
From the youtube video
Percentage of Canadian’s who believe the Muslim faith and view of Islam is unfavourable, unjust, untrusted, and inappropriate averages out to 49% of Canadians.
What is Anti-Semitism?
Prejudice against, against, hatred of, or discrimination against Jewish people as an ethnic, religious, or racial group. A person who hold these beliefs is known as an anti-Semite.
During and immediately after WWII, how did the Canadian react to European Jewish people?
They were reluctant to allow them to enter the country as refugees.
Slavery was introduced to by whom? And in what year?
The French. 1628.
Slavery was abolished in most parts of the British Empire in Canada on what day?
August 1, 1834.
Black Canadians were subjected to what legislation?
Enforcement of segregated schools and communities and limited property rights.
When did Canada give Black citizens the right to pursue formal education, respectable jobs, welfare assistance, and civil and humanitarian rights?
1953 - 1954.
When did Canada enforce the Multicultural Act?
1971, Canada became the first country to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy.
What is the Multicultural act?
A policy, mandating that federal departments ensure equal employment opportunities for ethnic and racial groups.
What is the point system? When was it introduced?
Introduced in 1967.
Immigrants could now qualify based on criteria such as education, work experience, language fluency, and age.
What are examples of anti-racist approaches that emphasize community empowerment to combat hate crimes in social work?
Fostering the creation of advocacy and support groups and working with community organizations to promote anti-racist perspective through education.
Anti-racist social work practices involve addressing racism at 3 levels. What are they?
- Personal (practice must be free of racism and must challenge racist practices by others)
- Institutional (service agencies and other organizations must pursue non- discriminatory policies and practices)
- Societal (legislation and government policies must be changed to remove barriers to racial groups).
How does applying community actions and empowerment through social work help promote anti-racist practicum?
The funding and uprising of organizations that can provide services to marginalized group, providing an inclusive and safe environment.
What is cultural competence?
It is the integration of cultural differences that results in an ability to work effectively within another’s cultural context.
When did they pass the bill of rights in Canada?
1960.
When did all provinces enact on the Humans rights legislation?
By 1975 all provinces had human rights codes.
When did the Charter of Rights and Freedoms supersede the Canadian Bill of Rights?
1982.
What does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantee?
- Freedom of conscience and religion, thought, belief, opinion, and expression.
- Peaceful assembly and association
- Democratic rights
- Geographical mobility rights
- Legal rights
- Equality rights.
What are the 5 theories of aging?
- Disengagement theory
- Active Theory
- Continuity theory
- Role Theory
- Life Course Theory
What is Active Theory?
That older adults are happiest when they stay active and maintain social interactions. Life satisfaction decreases with age and can be relieved by engaging in various activities.
What is disengagement theory?
Individual adjustment to aging is accomplished by withdrawing from their social life (a natural and inevitable process).
What is Continuity theory?
Based on the notion that old age is continuation of a person’s past, rather than a break with it (elaborating on active theory).
What is Life Course Theory?
Theory of how individuals take various distinct pathways through life as they move through different periods.
What is Role Theory?
People that age lose their social roles and this loss can lead to social isolation due to decreased social interaction. (An understanding of adjustment of aging to the new roles entailed in getting older).
Which of the five theories of age is deemed most effective in social work practicum?
Life Course Theory, due to the advantage of addressing both the individual and the broader contextual issues surrounding aging.
This approach does not view old age as any less satisfying. Rather, it views each period as having benefits, limitations, and characteristics and is unique in that it discusses issues in terms of life events rather than age.
What is a Strengths-based Approach?
Focuses on individuals’ potential and capabilities rather than on their limitations.
What is a Solutions-Focused Approach?
Targets client’s default solution patterns, evaluates them for efficacy, and modified/replaces them with problem solving approaches that work.
What are the three main factors that account for the aging of the Canadian population?
- The baby boom.
- Low birth rates.
- Increasing life expectancy.
What is the baby boom?
Refers to the large number of individuals born between 1946 and 1966 who are now entering their senior years.
