Chapter 10: The Presidency

Question 1

chief of state

Answer 1

the role the president plays as the ceremonial head of the nation that can also make the president a symbol of national unity during times of crisis.

Question 2

head of government

Answer 2

the chief executive officer of a government- The president is the head of government in the United states

Question 3

natural-born citizen

Answer 3

a person actually born in the United States.

Question 4

naturalized citizen

Answer 4

a person, born in another country, who becomes a citizen of the United States by a procedure set by Congress

Question 5

twenty-second amendment

Answer 5

ratified in 1951, it limits the president to two terms in office

Question 6

vesting clause

Answer 6

as the first clause of Article II, its statement confers executive power in the president

Question 7

stewardship theory

Answer 7

an expansive theory of presidential power, put forth by Theodore Roosevelt, that holds that the president can undertake any act as long as it is not prohibited by specific provision of the Constitution or statutory law

Question 8

constitutional theory

Answer 8

the concept, associated with president William Howard Taft, that the president couldn’t exercise any power unless it is based on a specific constitutional provision or legislative grant

Question 9

the administration

Answer 9

the president plus senior officials, undersecretaries, and the administrators and deputies of the various independent agencies

Question 10

inner cabinet

Answer 10

cabinet officers whose departments handle issues of broad national importance, including the secretary of state, defense, and the Treasury, and the the attorney general

Question 11

outer cabinet

Answer 11

cabinet officers whose departments deal sharply defined programs and are subject to considerable pressure from client groups

Question 12

multiple advocacy

Answer 12

a system of advising the president in which all sides of an issue are presented

Question 13

executive office of the president

Answer 13

created in 1939 to serve as the managerial arm of the presidency it includes such agencies as the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Economic Advisers

Question 14

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Answer 14

an agency in the executive office of the president that provides the president with budgetary information and advice and is responsible for compiling the president’s annual budget proposal to Congress

Question 15

National Security Council

Answer 15

designed to provide the president with advice and policy coordination on questions of national security, NSC’s members include the president, vice president, the secretaries of state and defense, and any others officials the president may add

Question 16

council of economic advisers (CEA)

Answer 16

established by the Employment Act of 1946 as part of the Executive office of the president, CEA consists of the chairperson, usually a prominent academic economist, and two other members who have the primary task of analyzing economic issues for the president

Question 17

twenty-fifth amendment

Answer 17

ratified in 1967, it provides the mechanism for the vice president to assume presidency in the event of presidential disability and the selection of the replacement for the vice president should that office become vacant,

Question 18

Presidential Succession Act of 1947

Answer 18

established the line of presidential succession after the vice president as follows: the Speaker of the House, the president pro tempore of the Senate, and the Cabinet secretaries in the order of the establishment of their departments

Question 19

executive agreements

Answer 19

agreements between heads of the state that, unlike treaties, do not require approval by the Senate- there are no clear legal distinctions between the substance of the treaty and that of an executive agreement.

Question 20

Case Act

Answer 20

requires the secretary of state to submit to the Senate the final text of any executive agreement and allows agreements concerning sensitive national security matters to be submitted privately to the Senate Foreign Relations and House Foreign Affairs committees

Question 21

commander in chief

Answer 21

Article II, Section 2 of the U.S Constitution the clause that names the president as the civilian head of U.S military forces

Question 22

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 22

a congressional resolution passed in 1964 granting President Johnson the authority to undertake military activities in Southeast Asia