Chapter 10: The Presidency Flashcards
chief of state
the role the president plays as the ceremonial head of the nation that can also make the president a symbol of national unity during times of crisis.
head of government
the chief executive officer of a government- The president is the head of government in the United states
natural-born citizen
a person actually born in the United States.
naturalized citizen
a person, born in another country, who becomes a citizen of the United States by a procedure set by Congress
twenty-second amendment
ratified in 1951, it limits the president to two terms in office
vesting clause
as the first clause of Article II, its statement confers executive power in the president
stewardship theory
an expansive theory of presidential power, put forth by Theodore Roosevelt, that holds that the president can undertake any act as long as it is not prohibited by specific provision of the Constitution or statutory law
constitutional theory
the concept, associated with president William Howard Taft, that the president couldn’t exercise any power unless it is based on a specific constitutional provision or legislative grant
the administration
the president plus senior officials, undersecretaries, and the administrators and deputies of the various independent agencies
inner cabinet
cabinet officers whose departments handle issues of broad national importance, including the secretary of state, defense, and the Treasury, and the the attorney general
outer cabinet
cabinet officers whose departments deal sharply defined programs and are subject to considerable pressure from client groups
multiple advocacy
a system of advising the president in which all sides of an issue are presented
executive office of the president
created in 1939 to serve as the managerial arm of the presidency it includes such agencies as the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Economic Advisers
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
an agency in the executive office of the president that provides the president with budgetary information and advice and is responsible for compiling the president’s annual budget proposal to Congress
National Security Council
designed to provide the president with advice and policy coordination on questions of national security, NSC’s members include the president, vice president, the secretaries of state and defense, and any others officials the president may add
council of economic advisers (CEA)
established by the Employment Act of 1946 as part of the Executive office of the president, CEA consists of the chairperson, usually a prominent academic economist, and two other members who have the primary task of analyzing economic issues for the president
twenty-fifth amendment
ratified in 1967, it provides the mechanism for the vice president to assume presidency in the event of presidential disability and the selection of the replacement for the vice president should that office become vacant,
Presidential Succession Act of 1947
established the line of presidential succession after the vice president as follows: the Speaker of the House, the president pro tempore of the Senate, and the Cabinet secretaries in the order of the establishment of their departments
executive agreements
agreements between heads of the state that, unlike treaties, do not require approval by the Senate- there are no clear legal distinctions between the substance of the treaty and that of an executive agreement.
Case Act
requires the secretary of state to submit to the Senate the final text of any executive agreement and allows agreements concerning sensitive national security matters to be submitted privately to the Senate Foreign Relations and House Foreign Affairs committees
commander in chief
Article II, Section 2 of the U.S Constitution the clause that names the president as the civilian head of U.S military forces
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
a congressional resolution passed in 1964 granting President Johnson the authority to undertake military activities in Southeast Asia
