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A&P > Chapter 10- The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10- The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A
  • Detects changes
  • Makes decisions
  • Maintain homeostasis
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2
Q

Neurons

A
  • Main cell type
  • React to changes
  • Send impulses for communication
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3
Q

Neuroglia

A

-Support neurons

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4
Q

2 Cell Types

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

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5
Q

Nervous System: CNS, PNS

A

CNS:

  • Brain
  • spinal cord

PNS:

  • Cranial Nerves
  • Spinal Nerves
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6
Q

Sensory Function

A
  • Changes are detected

- Info is delivered for interpretation

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7
Q

Integrative Function

A
  • Uses sensory info

- Make decisions on response to sensory info

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8
Q

Motor Function

A
  • Decisions are acted upon

- Impulses are carried to effectors

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9
Q

Cell Body (Soma)

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Organelles

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

Branched receptive surface

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11
Q

Axon

A

Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters (ONLY 1 AXON)

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12
Q

Schwann Cells

A

PNS neuroglia create myelin sheath and covers axon

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13
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin sheath

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14
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A
  • Destruction of myelin sheaths
  • Scars are left behind
  • Neurons stop conducting
  • Muscles stop contracting and atrophy
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15
Q

Multiple Sclerosis symptoms

A

FATIGUE
WEAK
NUMB LIMBS

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16
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Carry impulse to CNS

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17
Q

Interneurons

A

Link neurons in CNS

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18
Q

Motor Neurons

A

-Carry impulses away from CNS and carry them to effectors

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19
Q

General Functions of Neuroglia?

A

Provide structural support for neurons

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20
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • Connect neurons fo blood vessels
  • Regulate ion concentrations
  • Part of the Blood Brain Barrier(BBB)
21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

-Myelinate CNS Axons

22
Q

Microglia

A

-Phagocytic cell

23
Q

Satellite Cells

A

Support clusters of neurons

24
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical that axon secretes into synapse.

Stimulate effector or neuron

25
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Increase negativity of resting porential

26
Q

Repolarization

A

Membrane become more negative then resting potential

27
Q

Depolarization

A
  • Membrane become less negative than the resting potential

- Na+ diffuse into cell

28
Q

Trigger zone

A

Sensitive part of axon where action potential is generated

29
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

30
Q

Threshold Potential

A

Level of potential of which action potential is triggered in a neuron

31
Q

Action potential

A

Sequence of electrical changes in part of nerve cell or muscle cell exposed to stimulus.

32
Q

Resting potential

A

Stored electrical energy due to difference in electrical charge between in and out of nerve cell membrane

33
Q

Membrane potential

A

Stored electrical energy due to unequal distribution pf ions on the 2 side of membrane

34
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

Neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron affecting the postsynaptic cell.

35
Q

Neurilemma

A

Living cellular layer from Schwann cells on exterior axon

36
Q

Myelin

A

Lipid material that forms sheath covering around axon

37
Q

Pre synaptic neuron

A

Send impulse

38
Q

Post synaptic neuron

A

Receives impulse

39
Q

Polarized

A

At rest

Inside is negative compared to outside

40
Q

Refractory period

A

Axon not able to respond

Period following stimulus

41
Q

Absolute

A

Stimulus can’t generate another action

42
Q

Relative

A

High intensity stimulus generate another action potential

43
Q

THREE GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

A
  • Sensory
  • integrative
  • motor
44
Q

Somatic

A

Voluntary

45
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary

46
Q

Myelinated axons

A

Has myelin sheath

47
Q

Unmyelinated axons

A

Do not have myelin axon

48
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Regulate cerebrospinal fluid (CF)

49
Q

Dopamine

A

Makes you feel happy

A&P (4 decks)

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