Chapter 10: The Great Depression Flashcards
Authority is a word that means what?
Power or the right to rule
Critics who thought the New Deal went too far claimed what?
That the new laws gave too much authority.
Businesses were hurt by the stock market crash because what?
They lost their savings in failed banks and had to close or cut back.
Who suffered the most in the Dust Bowl?
Farmers
How did President Roosevelt get Americans to restore faith in banks? Why did it restore faith?
After he signed the Emergency Banking Relief Act into law because the law allowed only healthy banks to remain open, so people had confidence in banks that passed the act’s requirements.
In what year did Herbert Hoover lose the election? Why?
1932 because Americans lost confidence in him and blamed him for the Depression.
Why is the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) significant?
It hired people to build dams and generators that provided electricity.
Why did President Roosevelt have problems with the Supreme Court?
The court issued a series of rulings declaring many New Deal Programs unconstitutional.
What is a lasting effect of the New Deal that is still in place today?
The protection of the savings of bank customers
What is the full date of when the stock market crashed? What is the day historically known as?
October 29,1929 (known as Black Tuesday)
Who would’ve been the most hurt by the stock market crash?
People who invested money just before Black Tuesday. Mainly those who invested in September and early October of 1929.
The people who couldn’t afford to buy stocks at full price bought on margin. What does buying on margin mean?
Buying on margin means they bought stock on credits with loans.
Who wrote “The Grapes of Wrath”? What was the story about?
John Steinbeck. The story was about a family of farmers forced to move in search of work.
How much did Herbert Hoover authorize to different financial institutions in the first year of the Depression? What did he refuse to do?
He authorized $1.2 billion in the first year of the Depression, but he refused to give direct financial assistance to individual citizens.
What two things were planted in Dust Bowl areas to try to stop soil erosion?
Grass and trees
What was one of the major causes for the Depression?
The overproduction of goods at a time when the demand for those goods were shrinking
Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?
Mary was an African American educator appointed to Roosevelt’s administration.
What did the group, Congress of Industrial Organizations do?
They organized workers into unions based on industry, not skill level.
How many people did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) hire from 1935 to 1943? What did they hire them to do?
8.5 million people to build roads, bridges, and airports
What is the business cycle known as?
An up and down pattern of fluctuation in the economy
What did it Eleanor Roosevelt convince her husband to do?
To create the National Youth Association to help young workers stay in school
What did the music of Oklahoma-born folk singer Woody Guthrie reflect?
It reflected the loss and struggle of Depression life.
What was the first time the federal government took direct responsibility for many citizens’ economic well-being?
When they passed the Social Security Act
What did the Bonus Army demand that Hoover do?
That he authorize early payment of their military bonuses to help ease the need caused by the Depression
After the Civil Works Administration ended, the Congress formed what?
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) to provide jobs for unemployed Americans
After the Supreme Court blocked several New Deal programs, President Roosevelt tried to do what?
Pass an act that would allow him to appoint six new Supreme Court justices immediately
