Chapter 10 terms

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology.

Question 2

Agriculture

Answer 2

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Question 3

Cereal Grain

Answer 3

Cereal grains are the seeds that come from grasses such as wheat, millet, rice, barley

Question 4

Chaff

Answer 4

the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing.

Question 5

Combine

Answer 5

an agricultural machine that cuts, threshes, and cleans a grain crop in one operation.

Question 6

Commercial Agriculture

Answer 6

a large-scale production of crops for sale, intended for widespread distribution

Question 7

Crop

Answer 7

a cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially a grain, fruit, or vegetable.

Question 8

Crop Rotation

Answer 8

the action or system of rotating crops.

Question 9

Desertification

Answer 9

the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

Question 10

Double Cropping

Answer 10

practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season

Question 11

Grain

Answer 11

wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food.

Question 12

Green Revolution

Answer 12

the outer covering of a fruit or seed, especially the pod of peas and beans, or the husk of grain.

Question 13

Horticulture

Answer 13

a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.

Question 14

Hull

Answer 14

The outer covering of a fruit or seed

Question 15

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 15

a method of agriculture where farmers get more food per acre compared to other subsistence farming methods

Question 16

Milkshed

Answer 16

is a region producing milk that may be supplied to the area of demand

Question 17

Paddy

Answer 17

A field where rice is grown

Question 18

Pastoral Nomadism

Answer 18

form of subsistence agriculture (farming to eat)

Question 19

Pasture

Answer 19

land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep.

Question 20

Plantation

Answer 20

an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco are cultivated by resident labor.

Question 21

Prime Agricultural Land

Answer 21

land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics

Question 22

Ranching

Answer 22

run a ranch.

Question 23

Reaper

Answer 23

a farm implement or person that reaps (cuts and often also gathers) crops at harvest, when they are ripe.

Question 24

Ridge Tillage

Answer 24

Method of producing erosion

Question 25

Sawah

Answer 25

a wet or irrigated rice field in Indonesia

Question 26

Seed Agriculture

Answer 26

reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.

Question 27

Shifting Cultivation

Answer 27

an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.

Question 28

Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

Answer 28

forest vegetation is felled and burned, the land is cropped for a few years, then the forest is allowed to reinvade.

Question 29

Spring Wheat

Answer 29

wheat that is sown in the spring and harvested in late summer or fall.

Question 30

Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 30

is self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families

Question 31

Sustainable Agriculture

Answer 31

is the production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment

Question 32

Swidden

Answer 32

an area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation.

Question 33

Thresh

Answer 33

separate grain from (a plant), typically with a flail or by the action of a revolving mechanism.

Question 34

Transhumance

Answer 34

the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.

Question 35

Truck Farming

Answer 35

the production of crops of some vegetables on an extensive scale in regions

Question 36

Vegetative Planting

Answer 36

Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants

Question 37

Wet Rice

Answer 37

Labor is particularly important when the fields are prepared, seedlings transplanted

Question 38

Winnow

Answer 38

blow a current of air through (grain) in order to remove the chaff.

Question 39

Winter Wheat

Answer 39

strains of wheat that are planted in the autumn to germinate and develop into young plants

Question 40

Seed Agriculture

Answer 40

reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization