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Physical Science > Chapter 10 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Stationary electrical charges

A

Static electricity

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2
Q

The force between electrical charges.

A

Electrostatic force

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3
Q

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract (opposites attract).

A

Law of charges

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4
Q

An inclination to attract or associate.

A

Affinity

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5
Q

The SI unit for electrical charge.

A

Coulomb (KOO lohm)

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6
Q

Lines used to show direction of a force exerted on an object.

A

Lines of force

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7
Q

The creation of a charged region on a neutral object when exposed to a nearby electrical charge.

A

Electrical induction

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8
Q

A neutral molecule whose electrons have shifted to form positive & negative ends, or poles (dipoles di = two, poles…well, poles)

A

Dipole

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9
Q

An instrument that can detect electrical charges.

A

Electroscope

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10
Q

Materials that offer little resistance to electrical motion (metals like copper, silver, aluminum, gold)

A

Electrical conductors

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11
Q

Materials that do NOT allow electrons to move easily (glass, wood & rubber)

A

Electical insulators

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12
Q

Materials that allow limited electron flow or conduct only under certain conditions (silicon and germanium)

A

Semiconductors

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13
Q

The loss of static charge as electrons move to another object.

A

Electrical discharge

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14
Q

A device used to protect buildings from lightning strikes.

A

Lightning rod

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15
Q

A means of storing a strong electrical charge (Invented by Pieter van Musschenbroek)

A

Leyden jar

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16
Q

Modern charge storing devices.

A

Capacitors

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17
Q

Electricity that involves continuously moving charges.

A

Electrical current

18
Q

Old computer monitors or TVs that used vacuum tube screens that displayed images “painted” by electrons.

A

Cathode-ray tube (CRT)

19
Q

Electrons waiting to flow from a point of higher potential in a conductor to a lower potential.

A

Electrical potential energy

20
Q

The flow of positive charges through a conductor, which is the OPPOSITE of the flow of electrons.

A

Conventional current

21
Q

Current that flows in one direction through a conductor. (Cell phone, digital camera are powered by this)

A

Direct current (DC)

22
Q

A complete path from a source of electrons through a conductor and back to an electron sink.

A

Electrical circuit

23
Q

Something that converts electricity to some other form of energy (e.g. light bulb).

A

Electrical load

24
Q

A device that allows you to open or close a circuit by opening or closing a gap in the current path.

A

Switch

25
Q

Device that consists of one or more electrochemical cells that supply electrons released by a chemical reaction.

A

Battery

26
Q

Device capable of supplying electrons released by a chemical reaction.

A

Electrochemical cells

27
Q

Unit used to measure potential difference of electrical potential.

A

Volt (V)

28
Q

Unit used to measure electrical current (also known as Amps).

A

Ampere (A)

29
Q

The property of a component in a circuit that hinders (slows) the flow of charges to some extent.

A

Electrical resistance

30
Q

Special device that can change the voltage within portions of a circuit.

A

Resistor

31
Q

Current (I) = Voltage source (V) / Resistance (R) i=v/r

A

Ohm’s law

32
Q

Unit to measure electrical resistance.

A

Ohm

33
Q

Unit used to dispense and bill electrical energy (energy = power * time interval).

A

Kilowatt-hours (kWh)

34
Q

Electrical loads (e.g. light bulbs) connected one after another in the circuit path.

A

Series circuit

35
Q

Electrical loads (e.g. light bulbs) connected in separate branches of the circuit.

A

Parallel circuit

36
Q

Two wires that touch which makes a shortcut of the path of the circuit.

A

Short circuit

37
Q

Ability to prevent currents in faulty circuits from starting fires.

A

Overcurrent protection

38
Q

A switch that is manually closed but will automatically trip open if the current gets too high.

A

Circuit breakers

39
Q

Circuit breaker that detects very high, short-duration currents caused by arcing.

A

Arc-fault circuit interrupt (AFCI)

40
Q

Metal & glass container with a thin strip of metal inside that allows current to flow from the supply to the load.

A

Fuses

41
Q

Device that monitors voltages between wires supplying an appliance or outlet.(GFCI)

A

Ground-fault circuit interrupters

Physical Science (16 decks)

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