Chapter 10 - Summary Questions

Question 1

Name the two types of effector found in the human body, and state how they respond to stimuli.

Answer 1

Muscles - which contract; glands - which secrete hormones.

Question 2

What is meant by ‘homeostasis’?

Answer 2

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 3

What is a reflex action?

Answer 3

A rapid automatic response to a stimulus

Question 4

a) Which stimulus is detected by the eye?

b) Which part of the eye contains the receptor cells?

Answer 4

a) light

b) retina

Question 5

How are impulses passed across a synapse?

Answer 5

Chemicals released from one neurone diffuse to another neurone.

Question 6

Why is it important to maintain a constant body temperature?

Answer 6

Enzymes work best at a normal body temperature; if the temperature is too high the enzymes denature; if it is too low they work too slowly; all the chemical reactions in the body are controlled by enzymes.

Question 7

Which region of the brain is concerned with:

a) Memory?
b) Coordinating muscle memory
c) Controlling the heartbeat?

Answer 7

a) cerebral cortex
b) cerebellum
c) medulla

Question 8

List the stages of the pathway involved of the reflex action, from stimulus to response.

Answer 8

(stimulus) —–> receptor —–> sensory neurone ——> relay neurone (coordinator) ——> motor neurone —–> effector —–> (response)

Question 9

List the parts of the eye that refract the light.

Answer 9

Cornea, lens, jelly in the eye (vitreous humour)