Chapter 10: Substance Use Disorders Flashcards
Define addiction
It refers to a more severe substance use disorder characterized by having more symptoms tolerance and withdrawal
When is a person considered ‘addicted’ to a substance?
When he or she meets four or more of the DSM-V
Define tolerance
It is indicated by either larger doses of the substance being needed to produce the desired effect or the effects of the drug becoming markedly less if the usual amount is taken
Define with drawl
It is the negative physical and psychological effects thst develop when a person stops taking the substance or reduces the amount. This could include muscle pains and twitching, sweats, vomiting, diarrhea, and insomnia
Define Delirium Tremens (DTs)
A rare case of an alcoholic individual which happens when the level of alcohol in the blood drops suddenly.
The person becomes delirious and tremulous, having visual and tactile hallucinations.
Define Polydrug abuse
Where a person abuses more than one drug at a time
Why do you alcoholic drinkers often also smoke?
Because there is a high comorbidity between alcohol and nicotine since they are cross-tolerant.
This means that nicotine can induce tolerance for the rewarding effects of alcohol and vice versa
What are the short term effects of alcohol?
Stimulates GABA receptors- reducing tension
Increase Serotonin and Dopamine- producing pleasurable effects
Inhibits glutamate receptors- causing memory loss and slowed thinking
What are the long-term effects of prolonged alcohol abuse?
Alcohol provides many calories but they do not supply the nutrients essential for health and thus the results can be severe malnutrition. Development of cirrhosis of liver Hypertension Erectile dysfunction Stroke
Define fetal alcohol syndrome
It is when the growth of the fetus is slowed and cranial facial and limb anomalies can be produced because the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy
Define Tobacco Use Disorder
Nicotine is the addicting agent of tobacco
When not smoked, tobacco was-and is- chewed or ground into small pieces and inhaled as snuff
Elaborate secondhand smoke
Secondhand smoke is also known as environmental tobacco smoke it contains higher concentration of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than does the smoke actually inhaled by the smoker
Elaborate Marijuana
Consists of dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of Cannabis Sativa. Its fibers were originally used to manufacture cloth and milk but it was found out that it can be a treatment for rheumatism,gout,depression,cholera and neuralgia
Psychological effects of marijuana
Makes them feel relaxed and sociable bringing rapid shifts in emotion, dull attention, fragmented thoughts, impaired memory, giving the sense of time is moving more slowly
Extremely heavy doses induce hallucinations including extreme panic
What is the major active chemical in marijuana?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
