Chapter 10: Substance Abuse Disorders

Question 1

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 1

replaced two categories from DSM-IV, substance abuse and substance dependence
categories for specific substances: 
alcohol
amphetamines
cannabis
cocaine
hallucinogens
inhalants
opioids
phencyclidine
sedatives
tobacco

Question 2

Criteria for Substance Use Disorder

Answer 2

problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning
two or more symptoms in 1 year:
failure to meet obligations
repeated use in physically dangerous situations
repeated relationship problems
continued use despite problems caused by the substance
tolerance
withdrawal
substance take for longer time or in greater amounts than intended
efforts to reduce or control use do not work
much time spent trying to obtain the substance
social, hobbies, or work activities given up or reduced
continued use despite knowing problems caused by substance
craving to use substance is strong

Question 3

Addiction

Answer 3

a more severe substance use disorder characterized by having more symptoms, tolerance, and withdrawal, by using more of substance than intended, trying unsuccessfully to stop, physical or psychological problems made worse by drug, experiencing work or friend problems

Question 4

Physiological Dependence

Answer 4

if a person has either tolerance or withdrawal

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

indicated by larger doses of the substance being needed to produce the desired effect; the effects of the drug becoming markedly less if the usual amount is taken

Question 6

Withdrawal

Answer 6

negative physical and psychological effects that develop when a person stops taking the substance or reduces the amount; can include muscle pains, twitching, sweats, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia

Question 7

Alcohol Withdrawal Effects

Answer 7

dramatic because body accustomed to alcohol: anxious depressed, weak, restless, unable to sleep, muscle tremors; pulse, blood pressure and temperature may be elevated

Question 8

Delirium Tremens

Answer 8

in people who have been drinking heavily for a number of years, if level of alcohol in blood drops suddenly the person becomes delirious, tremulous, and has hallucinations of unpleasant and active creatures

Question 9

Alcohol Tolerance Causes

Answer 9

changes in liver enzymes, but mainly number or sensitivity of GABA or glutamate receptors

Question 10

Polydrug Abuse

Answer 10

abusing more than one drug at a time; often a part of alcohol abuse