Chapter 10 Study Guide

Question 1

what is a gene and where is it located

Answer 1

coded info in the form of hereditary units, located in the nucleus of cells on chromosomes

Question 2

During meiosis, diploid cell divides ___ to form ___ which reduces chromosomes by a ___

Answer 2

twice, 4 haploid nuclei, half

Question 3

what is created in haploid nuclei

Answer 3

new allele combos (not identical)

Question 4

gamete formation packages the ___ into ____

Answer 4

haploid chromosomes into reproductive cells

Question 5

___ merges haploid gametes from 2 parents to new diploid cell with ___________

Answer 5

fertilization, half it chromosomes from each parent

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

made up of long strands of DNA

Question 7

x and y chromosomes

Answer 7

determines their sex (xx women, xy male)

Question 7

homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

pair of chromosomes from different parents, genes in the same order

Question 8

autosomes

Answer 8

other chromosomes not sex)

Question 9

diploid cell

Answer 9

any cell with two chromosomes

Question 10

haploid cell

Answer 10

cells w/ single set of chromosomes

Question 11

difference in germ cells and gametes

Answer 11

germ cells undergo meiosis to produce sperm and egg;
gametes are mature sperm and eggs that are directly involved in fertilization

Question 12

somatic cells

Answer 12

all cells that are not reproductive

Question 13

difference in sexual and asexual reproduction

Answer 13

asexual: one parent, genetically identical to parent, through binary fission, budding, etc
sexual two parents, genetic info taken from both parents, not identical,

Question 14

what occurs during prophase 1 in meiosis

Answer 14

2 pairs of homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids) perform crossing over (no longer identical) nuclear membrane disappears

Question 15

Metaphase 1

Answer 15

homologous chromosome pairs come to the middle, and connect to spindle fibers

Question 16

Anaphase 1

Answer 16

move to opposite poles, homologous pair separate to opposite sides

Question 17

Telophase 1

Answer 17

nuclear membrane begins to reform, 2 haploid daughter cells are formed, each have their own set of chromosome

Question 18

Prophase 2

Answer 18

Separate haploid daughter cells, no DNA replication, nuclear envelope breaks down in each daughter cel, chromatin condenses into chromosomes again

Question 19

Metaphase 2

Answer 19

in both daughter cells, chromosomes align, microtubules attach to the kinetochores of each chromosome

Question 20

Anaphase 2

Answer 20

sister chromatids separate and become chromosomes, move towards opposite sides of the cell, resulting in 4 haploid daughter cells that each contain a single copy of each chromosome

Question 21

Telophase 2

Answer 21

nuclear membranes reform around chromosomes, cell divides via cytokinesis, which created 4 haploid daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as parent cell

Question 22

which stages of meiosis are responsible for all children not looking the same?

Answer 22

Prophase 1 only because it includes crossing over

Question 23

Describe the end result features of meiosis

Answer 23

4 haploid daughter cells with their own set of chromosomes half the amount of each parent cell, with unique combinations of alleles

Question 24

crossing over

Answer 24

takes place during prophase 1, homologous chromosomes exhange DNA segments to create variety

Question 25

independent assortment

Answer 25

alleles of different genes segregate independently from one another, each allele inherited from a gene does not influence which allele it can receive for another gene.

Question 26

random fertilization

Answer 26

process during sexual reproduction, any sperm cell can randomly fuse with any egg cell from a female

Question 27

describe 3 way meiosis differs from mitosis

Answer 27

mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells, meiosis 4 nonidentical haploid daughter cells are produced
meiosis involves 2 distinct cell divisions mitosis has one
meiosis reduces the chromosome number by a half to create haploid gametes, mitosis maintains the diploid chromosome number in daughter cells