Chapter 10: Research Methods in Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Empiricism

A

The reliance of observable data

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2
Q

Self-Reports

A

An indication about out internal state or subjective feeling

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3
Q

Testability

A

Scientific explanations that can be proved true or false by looking at empirical data.

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4
Q

Parsimony

A

Simplicity

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5
Q

Determinism

A

The belief that a behavior follows a lawful order and is ultimately predictable

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6
Q

Basic Research

A

Designed to answer theoretical questions or satisfy the curiosity of the researcher, it initially appears to have no practical implications

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7
Q

Applied Research

A

Research where the practical implications and applications are obvious

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8
Q

Population

A

All members of a group

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9
Q

Biased Sample

A

A sample from people who have a population who have a characteristic or a set of characteristics that may affect the outcome of the research.

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10
Q

Random Sample

A

A sample in which all members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample.

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11
Q

Representative Sample

A

Has all of the relevant characteristics of the population of interest, represented in the same proportions

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12
Q

What are the 5 research methods?

A
Descriptive/Observational
Correlational
Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
Small-n
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13
Q

Descriptive Research

A

Observing and describing a behavior

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14
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

The observation of a behavior that takes place in a natural or normal setting

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15
Q

Participant Observation

A

Joining a group or situation in order to study behavior

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16
Q

Interview/Survey

A

Participants are asked to respond to a series of questions

17
Q

Case Studies

A

In-depth studies of individuals

18
Q

Correlation Research

A

The study of the degree to which 2 variables are related to one another

19
Q

Variables

A

Anything that can change or take on different values

20
Q

Positive Correlation

A

Variables change in the same direction at the same time

21
Q

Negative Correlations

A

Variables change in opposite directions at the same time

22
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

The statistic or number representing the degree to which the 2 variables are related

23
Q

Experimental Research

A

The manipulations of variables to determine cause and effect

24
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variable manipulated or controlled by the experimenter

25
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable that is measured; the outcome

26
Q

Treatment Group

A

Participants exposed to the independent variable

27
Q

Control Group

A

Participants not exposed to the independent variable

28
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

Variable other than the independent and dependent variables that are present in the experimental situation

29
Q

Quasi-Experimental Research

A

Active manipulation of independent variable is not possible

30
Q

Small-n Research

A

Uses only a few participants, or sometimes only uses one

31
Q

ABA Design

A

Used to answer basic research questions when there is no immediate practical application in mind

32
Q

Identify the ABA for ABA Design

A
A = Baseline phase: Initial level of response before intervention.
B = Treatment phase: The intervention is added.
A = Second baseline phase: After intervention is removed.
33
Q

ABAB Reversal Design

A

Adds a second treatment phase so that the research ends with the treatment in effect. Commonly used to answer applied research questions.

34
Q

What are the four criteria of science?

A

Empiricism
Testability
Parsimony
Determinism