Chapter 10 - Reproduction Flashcards
Ovaries
come in pairs, suspended by a ligament.
Oviducts
open ended tubes that lead to the uterus from the ovaries.
Uterus
composed of 2 uterine horns that merge at the bottom to form one body
Cervix
the gate between uterus and vagina
What is the primary function of the ovaries?
to produce the ova (egg) and produce hormones.
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
estrogen, progesterone
Graafian Follicle
mature follicle; found on ovaries
When does ovulation occur?
When the follicle ruptures.
Corpus Luteum
found on ovary; after ovulation the follicle becomes Corpus Luteum
Progesterone (produced by? Maintains?)
produced by CL; maintains pregancy
Oviducts
the location where the egg and sperm meet.
Infundibulum
guides the egg into the oviduct (catchers mitt)
Uterus
Cervix
the gates into the uterus; the posterior outlet between the uterus and the vagina
The cervix undergoes changes during ______ and _______.
estrus; partuirition
Vagina (organ of? ___ during ___? ____ ___ role?)
is the organ of copulation in females; birth canal during parturition; has a dual passage role for urinary & reproductive systems.
Hens have no well-defined __________.
estrous cycle
Young poultry are not _____ because hens do not produce _________.
suckles; milk
A hen’s tract includes ______.
2 ovaries and oviducts
What side on poultry doesn’t ever develop?
the right side
In hen’s, the ovary appears as a _________. (position in body)
cluster of yolks in front of the left kidney
Oviduct (in poultry)
long glandular tube that leads from the ovary to the cloaca
What part of the oviduct process is the same in poultry as it is in other animals?
the infundibulum; “catcher’s mitt” it guides the egg into the oviduct
Magnum (Poultry)
it secretes albumen
Isthmus
adds the shell
Uterus
adds any pigmentation
What is the purpose of the egg in poultry?
it supports the chick during incubation period for 3-4 days after hatching.
How long is the time period from ovulation to laying in poultry?
24 hours
What are the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary (AP)
they release hormones that control the cycling nature of sexually mature females.
The hypothalamus releases ________. Which goes to the __________.
GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone); Anterior Pituitary
The Anterior Pituitary releases _______ & _______.
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) & LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
The Luteinizing Hormone causes ____________ in the ________.
ovulation; ovary
What happens in the Anterior Pituitary?
follicles mature; estrogen is released from the ovary
The estrogen being released from the ovary stimulates________.
GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) & sexual behavior
Estrous cycle is…
a pattern of predictable reproductive events in female farm animals.
The estrous cycle starts with the __________.
expression of heat. (Standing heat to standing heat).
What are the 3 main types of cycles?
Polyestrus, seasonally polyestrus, & monoestrus
Polyestrus (what animals are?)
the animal has a cycle all throughout the year (cattle and swine)
Seasonally Polyestrus (what animals are?) *They can be…
the animal has many cycles in a certain season (sheep, goat, horse); can be manipulated
Monoestrus (what animals are?)
single cycle once or twice a year (dogs)
Estrus is when…
the female is the most receptive to the male
Describe the estrous cycle (
1) FSH increases the size of ovarian follicle
2) ovarian follicle begins producing estrogen
3) Estrus or heat happens
4) ovulation occurs after estrus behavior has stopped. The follicle ruptures due to the LH surge)
5) LH triggers luteal cells to start producing progesterone (the pregnancy hormone)
If the animal is pregnant, the…
Corpus Luteum continues to make progesterone (the pregnancy hormone)
If the animal is not pregnant, the…
uterus releases PGF2a (prostaglandin) that shrinks CL which then drops progesterone levels and starts another cycle.
When does pregnancy begin?
when fertilization begins (the gestation period)
Placentation
the formation of placenta occurs with material recognition
Placenta
a temporary organ; it is the connection between the dam and fetus; it allows the transfer of nutrients, waste, and produces hormones
Attachments to the placenta
