Chapter 10 - Reaction rates and equilibrium Flashcards
how is the rate of a chemical reaction measured?
how fast at reactant is being used up or how fast a product is being formed
what is the equation for rate of reaction?
changing in concentration/ time
what are the units for rate of reaction?
moldm^-3 s^-1
what does collision theory state?
two reacting particles must collide for a reaction to occur
what are the two conditions for effective collusion?
the particles collide with the correct orientation and the particles have enough energy
what is a catalyst?
a substance that changes the rate of reaction without undergoing any permanent change itself
what is a homogenous catalyst?
a catalyst that has the same physical state as the reactants
what is a heterogenous catalyst?
a catalyst that has a different physical state from the reactants
what is the boltzmann distribution?
the spread of molecular energy in gases
what does increasing the temperature do to the boltzmann distribution?
the peak is lower and shifted to the right and a greater proportion of molecules have an energy equal to or greater than the Ea
what do catalysts do to the boltzmann distribution?
a greater proportion of molecules have an energy equal to or greater than the Ea
what is le chatelier’s principle?
when a system in equilibrium is subjected to an external change the system readjusts itself to minimise the effect of that change
how does an increase in concentration of the reactant affect the position of equilibrium?
it will shift to the right
how does an increase in temperature affect the position of equilibrium?
shifts in the endothermic direction
how does a decrease in temperature affect the position of equilibrium?
shifts in the exothermic direction
