Chapter 10: Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Question 1

Racial group

Answer 1

is set apart from others by physical differences

Question 2

Ethnic group

Answer 2

is set apart primarily by national origin or cultural patterns.

Question 3

minority group

Answer 3

concerned primarily with the economic and political power, or powerlessness, of the group.

Question 4

Stereotypes.

Answer 4

The meaning people attach to the physical differences between races gives social significance to race, producing

Question 5

Prejudice

Answer 5

often but not always leads to discrimination. Sometimes, through color-blind racism, prejudiced people try to use the principle of racial neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo.

Question 6

Institutional discrimination

Answer 6

The denial of opportunities to individuals and/or groups

results from the normal operations of a society

Question 7

Affirmative action

Answer 7

Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.

Question 8

Amalgamation

Answer 8

The process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group.

Question 9

Anti-Semitism

Answer 9

Anti-Jewish prejudice.

Question 10

Apartheid

Answer 10

A former policy of the South African government, designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites.

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

The process through which a person forsakes his or her cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.

Question 12

Asylees

Answer 12

Foreigners who have already entered a receiving country because of persecution of a well-founded fear of persecution.

Question 13

Black power

Answer 13

A political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.

Question 14

Color-blind racism

Answer 14

The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo.

Question 15

White privilege Rights

Answer 15

or immunities granted to people as a particular benefit or favor simply because they are White.

Question 16

Symbolic ethnicity

Answer 16

An ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethnic heritage.

Question 17

Stereotype

Answer 17

An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group.

Question 18

Segregation

Answer 18

The physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.

Question 19

Remittances

Answer 19

The monies that immigrants return to their families of origin.

Question 20

Refugee

Answer 20

People living outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or religious persecution.

Question 21

Racial profiling

Answer 21

Any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person’s behavior.

Question 22

Racism

Answer 22

The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior.

Question 23

Redlining

Answer 23

The pattern of discrimination against people who try to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods.

Question 24

Contact hypothesis

Answer 24

An interactionist perspective which states that in cooperative circumstances, interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice.

Question 25

Racial group

Answer 25

A group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance.

Question 26

Racial formation

Answer 26

A sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed.

Question 27

Prejudice

Answer 27

A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority.

Question 28

Pluralism

Answer 28

Mutual respect for one another’s cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their cultures without experiencing prejudice.

Question 29

Minority group

Answer 29

A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.

Question 30

Institutional discrimination

Answer 30

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.

Question 31

Discrimination

Answer 31

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons.

Question 32

Ethnic group

Answer 32

A group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.

Question 33

Glass ceiling

Answer 33

An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual’s gender, race, or ethnicity.

Question 34

Genocide

Answer 34

The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.

Question 35

Ethnocentrism

Answer 35

The tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others.

Question 36

Exploitation theory

Answer 36

A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.