chapter 10 psych Flashcards
intelligence
What is intelligence?
A socially constructed concept defined as the ability to acquire knowledge, think and reason effectively, and deal adaptively with the environment.
Who was Sir Francis Galton?
A researcher who influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution and studied family trees to show that eminence and genius occur across generations.
What is the belief bias exhibited by Galton?
The dismissal of the fact that successful people often come from privileged environments.
What did Alfred Binet develop?
A test to help identify children who require educational help at an early age.
What are Binet’s two assumptions about intelligence?
- Mental abilities develop with age
- The rate at which people gain mental competence is a characteristic of the person and is fairly constant over time.
What is mental age?
The age at which a child can solve problems, e.g., if an 8-year-old thinks like a 10-year-old, their mental age is 10.
What is the formula for calculating IQ?
IQ = (Mental age / Actual age) x 100.
What is deviation IQ?
A modern score that represents how much standardized distance a score is above or below the mean of a particular sample.
What did Lewis Terman do?
Revised Binet’s test to create the Stanford-Binet test.
What intelligence tests did David Wechsler develop?
- WAIS (for adults)
- WISC (for children)
- WPPSI (for preschoolers).
What are the two major approaches to studying intelligence?
- Psychometric
- Cognitive.
What does psychometrics study?
The statistical study of psychological tests, focusing on standardization, reliability, and validity.
What is factor analysis?
A method that reduces a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters or factors.
What is the ‘g’ factor?
A general intelligence factor identified by Charles Spearman that influences intellectual performance.
What are L. L. Thurstone’s primary mental abilities?
- Space
- Perceptual speed
- Number facility
- Verbal comprehension
- Rote memory
- Word fluency
- Reasoning.
What are crystallized and fluid intelligence?
- Crystallized intelligence: ability to apply previously acquired knowledge to current problems
- Fluid intelligence: ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations.
What is Carroll’s Three Stratum Model?
A model establishing three levels of mental skill: General, Broad, and Narrow.
What does Sternberg’s triarchic theory include?
- Metacomponents
- Performance components
- Knowledge acquisition components.
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to read others’ emotions accurately, respond appropriately, and regulate one’s own emotional responses.
What are the four branches of emotional intelligence?
- Perceiving emotions
- Using emotions to facilitate thought
- Understanding emotions
- Managing emotions.
What are the two classes of Wechsler tests?
- Verbal
- Performance.
What is the difference between an achievement test and an aptitude test?
- Achievement test: measures how much one has learned.
- Aptitude test: measures potential for future learning and performance.
