chapter 10 pro social behaviour and anti social behaviour

Question 1

intro on pro social behaviour and anti social behaviour

Answer 1

social relationship involves social behaviour which can be classified into pro or anti behaviour
pro=positive
anti= negative

Question 2

what pro social?

Answer 2

behaviour intended to help or benefit another person, group or society

Question 3

factors influencing pro social behaviour

situational?

Answer 3

situational
noticing-more likely to notice alone then in group
interpreting-The more ambiguous=less likely to willing help
less ambiguous-more likely to help
taking responsibility-unlikely to intervene and help unless you believe it is your responsibility.
-When someone else is near by,you may leave the responsibility to them

Question 4

factors influencing pro social behaviour

social norms?

Answer 4

social norms are standard and rules that influence the way a person will react help.
reciprocity norm-that we should help others who help us.
-This expectation of returning favour’s is reasonable and socially acceptable.
To recieve with out returning favour goes against the reciprocity norm.
unless disable,young, elderly or ill.

social responsibility norm
this is when we learn as a society to help those in need with out expectations

Question 5

factors influencing pro social behaviour

Personal factors?

Answer 5

empathy-more likely to help if we feel empathy for someone.

heaps distress=more people help cause empathy.
empathetic people can help out of selfish motives (altruistic).
Some people may deal with the distress and empathy by leaving the situation to get rid of distressing feelings .
mood
good mood=more likely to help
good mood=help more
bad mood=unlikely to help
bad mood= may help to escape mood
people guilty=help more to remove guilt
competence
if people don’t have the abilities to help someone they are more likely to look for someone else to help if they do have the ability they are more likely to help.

Question 6

altruism?

Answer 6

motive to help is selfless
refers to pro-social behaviour focused on the wellbeing or benefit of others without any thought to personal gain or reward.

Question 7

Factors that contribute to someone being reluctant to help?

Answer 7

Social Influence
Diffusion of Responsibility
one or more people will or should take responsibility for helping
divided up or spread (diffused) among group
Audience Inhibition
not helping another person because of a fear of appearing foolish in the presence of others
observe people around us and make an evaluation.
Calm people = no one is concerned = no help needed
Cost-benefit Analysis
weigh up the personal and social cost of helping against the benefits of helping.
Benefits = reward of helping i.e. gratitude of the victim
Cost = effort or time required i.e. worsening the situation

Question 8

what is anti social behaviour

Answer 8

behaviour that is disruptive or harmful to the wellbeing or property of another person or to the functioning of a group or society.

Question 9

anti social behaviour?

what is agression

Answer 9

any behaviour intended to cause physical or psychological harm to a person including self, animal or object.

Question 10

causes of agression

Answer 10

psychologists have developed theories to explain causes of aggression
Explored in reference to the following perspectives:
Psychodynamic Perspective.
Ethological Perspective.
Biological Perspective.
Social Learning Perspective.

Question 11

Psychodynamic Perspective:

Answer 11

Psychodynamic Perspective:
aggression is an inner urge or ‘force’ that builds up within us until it needs to be released.
Sigmund Freud: build up of aggressive urges deep within us and we struggle to control on an unconscious level.

Question 12

Ethological Perspective:

Answer 12

Ethological Perspective:
aggression is instinctive and has adaptive and survival functions
Konrad Lorenz: promotes survival of the species

Question 13

Biological Perspective

Answer 13

Biological Perspective
aggression has a biological basis and is therefore influenced by our genes, biochemistry, brain and nervous system
physiological factors that combine in various ways to influence whether an aggressive response will be made.

Question 14

Social Learning Perspective

Answer 14

Social Learning Perspective
aggression is learned behaviour and most of the learning occurs through observing aggressive behaviour and copying what we see.
Bandura, Observational Learning (Modelling)

Question 15

what is bullying?

Answer 15

bullying is aggressive behaviour that involves the inappropriate use of power by one or more persons over another less powerful person or group, and is generally repeated over time.
	•	aggressive behaviour
	•	imbalance of power
	•	repeated behaviour
	•	intentional or premediated

Question 16

3 types of bullying

Answer 16

3 categories of Bullying
• Direct Physical Bullying
• Direct Verbal Bullying
• Indirect Bullying

Question 17

describe types of bullying?

Answer 17

Direct physical bullying e.g. hitting, tripping and pushing, or damaging a person’s property.

Direct verbal bullying e.g. name calling, insults, homophobic or racist remarks, verbal abuse

Indirect bullying includes:
lying and spreading rumours
playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate
mimicking
encouraging others to socially exclude someone
damaging someone’s social reputation and social acceptance
cyberbullying, which involves the use of email, text messages, chat rooms and other social networking programs to humiliate and distress.

Question 18

gender differences in bullying?

Answer 18

boys tend to be more physical and girls tend to spread rumours, exclude girls and tease and talk behind their back.
research shows that females maybe just as aggressive they can just hide it better from adults.