Chapter 10 Population Ecology: Growth & Regulation Flashcards
A life cycle diagram could be constructed based on ___, ___, or ___ classes.
age-, stage-, or size-
Life tables show how survival and reproductive rates vary with ___, ___, or ___ stages
age, size, or life cycle stages.
Demographic rates often vary with ___, ___, or ___ stages
age, size, or life cycle stages.
Cohort Life Table
Fates of individuals in a cohort are followed from ___ to ____
birth
death
Static Life Table
Survival & reproduction of individuals of known age are
assessed for a ___ ___ of ___
given period
time
Sx= Age-specific Survival rate: the chance than an individual of age x will survive to be ___ _____
age x +1
lx=Survivorship: the proportion of individuals that survive from _____ to _____
birth (age 0) to age x
Fx= Age-specific Fecundity: the average number of offspring produced by a ___ while ___ ____ ___ ___ ___
female while she is of age x
Population growth is from _____ to _____
t0 (beginning population size) to t1 (one year later)
Population growth rate = lambda =
NT+1/NT
If age-specific survival & fecundity remain constant, the population
settles into a ___ ____ ___ AND ___ ____ ___
stable age distribution and population growth rate
stable age distribution:when the age structure of a population does not change from ___ to ___
one year to the next
population growth rate: at fixed when age specific birth and death rates are ___ ____ ___
constant over time
Leslie Matrix
NT+1=LNT
Age-structured matrix model (L) of population growth parameters
Lefkovitch Matrix
NT+1=LNT
Stage-structured matrix model (L) of population growth parameters
Population Age Structure
is useful for ___ ___ ____
predicting population growth
Type 1 survivorship:
individuals survive until old age.
most similar to k-selected species
Type 2 survivorship:
individuals have a constant chance of dying throughout their lives.
Type 3 survivorship:
most individuals die young.
most similar to r-selected species.
most common in nature- typical of species that produce large numbers of young
Geometric growth when reprod. occurs at regular time intervals
Population grows by a constant proportion in each time step
Geometric growth
NT+1=LAMBDANT
lambda = Geometric population growth rate or Per capita finite rate of increase
Exponential growth when reproduction occurs “continuously”
Reproduction is not synchronous in discrete time periods
Exponential growth
dN/dT=rN
r =
Exponential population growth rate
or
Per capita intrinsic rate of increase
Exponential
decline / decay
lambda < 1
r < 1
Constant population size
lambda = 1
r =0
Exponential growth
lambda > 1
r > 1
The Fundamental Law of Population Ecology:
as long as the amount of
resources (energy & material) necessary for survival & reproduction
continues expanding indefinitely as the population expands towards infinity.
1st Law of Thermodynamics Law of Conservation of Energy
Related to Law of Conservation of Mass
E=MC^2
“No population can increase __ ___ ___.”
in size forever
Number of atoms
in the universe
(finite mass) =
10^80 < 10^100 < infinity
Density-independent factors can __ population size
limit
Density-dependent factors can __ population size
regulate
Does r change along the time axis in logistic growth?
No; r is constant – it determines the exponential growth potential of the pop.
The density-dependent term [1-(N/K)] then determines how much of the exponential growth potential the population experiences.
Logistic growth: a pattern in which abundance increases rapidly at first and then __ at a population size known as the carrying capacity.
stabilizes
