Chapter 10 Population Ecology: Growth & Regulation

Question 1

A life cycle diagram could be constructed based on ___, ___, or ___ classes.

Answer 1

age-, stage-, or size-

Question 2

Life tables show how survival and reproductive rates vary with ___, ___, or ___ stages

Answer 2

age, size, or life cycle stages.

Question 3

Demographic rates often vary with ___, ___, or ___ stages

Answer 3

age, size, or life cycle stages.

Question 4

Cohort Life Table

Fates of individuals in a cohort are followed from ___ to ____

Answer 4

birth

death

Question 5

Static Life Table
Survival & reproduction of individuals of known age are
assessed for a ___ ___ of ___

Answer 5

given period

time

Question 6

Sx= Age-specific Survival rate: the chance than an individual of age x will survive to be ___ _____

Answer 6

age x +1

Question 7

lx=Survivorship: the proportion of individuals that survive from _____ to _____

Answer 7

birth (age 0) to age x

Question 8

Fx= Age-specific Fecundity: the average number of offspring produced by a ___ while ___ ____ ___ ___ ___

Answer 8

female while she is of age x

Question 9

Population growth is from _____ to _____

Answer 9

t0 (beginning population size) to t1 (one year later)

Question 10

Population growth rate = lambda =

Answer 10

NT+1/NT

Question 11

If age-specific survival & fecundity remain constant, the population
settles into a ___ ____ ___ AND ___ ____ ___

Answer 11

stable age distribution and population growth rate

Question 12

stable age distribution:when the age structure of a population does not change from ___ to ___

Answer 12

one year to the next

Question 13

population growth rate: at fixed when age specific birth and death rates are ___ ____ ___

Answer 13

constant over time

Question 14

Leslie Matrix

NT+1=LNT

Answer 14

Age-structured matrix model (L) of population growth parameters

Question 15

Lefkovitch Matrix

NT+1=LNT

Answer 15

Stage-structured matrix model (L) of population growth parameters

Question 16

Population Age Structure

is useful for ___ ___ ____

Answer 16

predicting population growth

Question 17

Type 1 survivorship:

Answer 17

individuals survive until old age.

most similar to k-selected species

Question 18

Type 2 survivorship:

Answer 18

individuals have a constant chance of dying throughout their lives.

Question 19

Type 3 survivorship:

Answer 19

most individuals die young.
most similar to r-selected species.
most common in nature- typical of species that produce large numbers of young

Question 20

Geometric growth when reprod. occurs at regular time intervals

Answer 20

Population grows by a constant proportion in each time step

Question 21

Geometric growth

NT+1=LAMBDANT

Answer 21

lambda =
Geometric population growth rate 
or
Per capita finite 
rate of increase

Question 22

Exponential growth when reproduction occurs “continuously”

Answer 22

Reproduction is not synchronous in discrete time periods

Question 23

Exponential growth

dN/dT=rN

Answer 23

r =
Exponential population growth rate
or
Per capita intrinsic rate of increase

Question 24

Exponential

decline / decay

Answer 24

lambda < 1

r < 1

Question 25

Constant population size

Answer 25

lambda = 1

r =0

Question 26

Exponential growth

Answer 26

lambda > 1

r > 1

Question 27

The Fundamental Law of Population Ecology:

Answer 27

as long as the amount of
resources (energy & material) necessary for survival & reproduction
continues expanding indefinitely as the population expands towards infinity.

Question 28

1st Law of Thermodynamics  Law of Conservation of Energy

Related to Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 28

E=MC^2

Question 29

“No population can increase __ ___ ___.”

Answer 29

in size forever

Question 30

Number of atoms
in the universe
(finite mass) =

Answer 30

10^80 < 10^100 < infinity

Question 31

Density-independent factors can __ population size

Answer 31

limit

Question 32

Density-dependent factors can __ population size

Answer 32

regulate

Question 33

Does r change along the time axis in logistic growth?

Answer 33

No; r is constant – it determines the exponential growth potential of the pop.
The density-dependent term [1-(N/K)] then determines how much of the exponential growth potential the population experiences.

Question 34

Logistic growth: a pattern in which abundance increases rapidly at first and then __ at a population size known as the carrying capacity.

Answer 34

stabilizes