Chapter 10 Physical Security Requirements Flashcards
What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design?
The Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an established school of thought on secure architecture. It addresses facility design, landscaping, entrance concepts, campus layouts, lighting, road placement, and traffic management. The core principle of CPTED is that the design of the physical environment can be managed, manipulated, and crafted with intention in order to create behavioral effects. Having a well-lit street with broad sidewalks and attractive storefronts makes you feel safe. There are multiple recommendations: keep planters under 2.5 feet tall; keep decorative elements small; locate the data the center in the middle of the building; position chairs to encourage people to sit and look around; mount cameras; keep entrances open and clear; keep the number of entrances to a minimum; provide parking for visitors near the entrance; and make delivery access driveways less obvious.
Three overall strategies: natural access control, natural surveillance, and natural territorial reinforcement. Natural access control is guiding those entering and exiting a building in a secure manner. May want to distinguish general access from visitor access. Natural surveillance is any means to make criminals feel uneasy by increasing opportunities for them to be observed. Natural territorial reinforcement is the attempt to make the area feel inclusive so that it appears it is actively defended.
Describe wiring closets.
A cable plant management plan policy is used to define the physical structure and deployment of network cabling and related devices within a facility. A cable plant is the collection of cables and intermediary devices (cross-connects, patch panels, and switches) that establish the physical network. Elements of the plant include:
–the entrance facility, aka the demarcation point or MDF, which is the entrance point to the building where the cable from the provider connects the internal cable plant.
–equipment room, which is the main wiring closet for the building, often connected to or adjacent to the entrance facility.
–backbone distribution system, which provides the wired connections between the equipment room and the telecommunications room, including cross-floor connections
–wiring closet, which serves the connection needs of a floor or a section of a large building. It connects the backbone distribution system to the horizontal distribution system, and is also known as the premises wire distribution room , main distribution frame (MDF), intermediate distribution frame (IDF), and telecommunications room. Also known as the intermediate distribution facility.
–horizontal distribution system provides connections to work areas.
Protected cable distribution or protective distribution systems (PDSs) are the means by which cables are protected against unauthorized access or harm. The goals are to deter violations, detect access attempts, and prevent compromise of cables. Elements of PDS. implementation can include protective conduits, sealed connections, and regular human inspections. There may also be a need for intrusion or compromise detection within the conduits.
Describe how proximity devices work.
Can be a passive device, field-powered device, or a transponder. When it passes near a reader, the reader can determine who the bearer is and whether they have authorized access.
The passive version has no active electronics; it is just a small magnet with specific properties. It alters the electromagnetic field generated by the reader device. This is how store antitheft devices work. A field powered device has electronics that activate when the device enters the EM field; the EM field actually generates the power. Card readers that you wave within inches of the reader to open a door are an example. A transponder proximity device is self-powered and transmits a signal.
Describe different types of motion detectors.
A digital motion detector that looks for changes in the digital pattern of a monitored area (aka a smart security camera).
A passive infrared or heat-based motion detector looks for significant changes in heat levels.
A wave pattern motion detector that transmits low ultrasonic or high microwave signals into a monitored area.
A capacitance motion detector that senses changes in the electrical or magnetic field.
A photoelectric motion sensor that changes visible light levels (usually for rooms kept dark).
A passive audio motion sensors that detect sounds.
What are acceptable temperatures and humidity?
Rooms intended to house computers should generally be kept between 59 and 89.6 degrees F (15 and 32 degrees Celsius). Some extreme environments run their equipment 10 to 20 degrees lower.
Use hot and cold aisles as well. Hot aisles are designed so hot air is captured by air intake vents on the ceiling, and cold air is returned from the ceiling or the floor.
Should not let temperature fluctuate. Also, recommend positive air pressure to reduce the infiltration of dust, debris, etc.
Humidity should be kept between 20 percent and 80 percent.
Describe how fire detection systems work.
Fixed temperature detection systems are most common. The trigger is usually a metal or plastic component that melts at a specific temperature. Also a version with a small glass vial containing chemicals that vaporize to over-pressure and shatter the container. These are cheap.
Rate of rise detection systems trigger suppression when the speed at which the temperature reaches a specific level. HVAC heating during the winter months can fool these systems.
Flame-actuated systems are based on the infrared energy of flames. These are fast but expensive, so used in high-risk environments.
Smoke-actuated systems use photoelectric or radioactive ionization sensors as triggers. When the light or radiation is obstructed, it sounds the alarm. Dust and steam can also trigger.
Incipient smoke detection systems, also known as aspirating sensors, are able to detect the chemicals associated with the early stages of combustion. these are even more expensive than flame-actuated ones.
How high should fencing be?
Fences 3-4 feet high deter casual trespassers, 6-7 feet high deter most intruders, and 8 or more feet with barbed wire deter just about everyone.
