Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is an autotroph? A heterotroph?
An autotroph is an organism that sustains itself without eating anything derived from other living things. A heterotroph is an organism that obtains their organic molecules by eating other organisms or substances produced by them.
What is photosynthesis?
The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.
What are the three modes of nutrition for heterotrophs?
- Animals that eat plants.
- Animals that eat other animals.
- Organisms that are decomposers.
What kinds of organisms are autotrophs?
Self feeders or producers.
Where are chloroplasts concentrated in the leaf?
They are concentrated in the leaf’s mesophyll.
What is the microscopic pore through which CO2/O2, and water vapor enter/exit the leaf?
The stomata.
What are thylakoids?
A membrane system made up or made up of sacs.
What molecule is found in the membrane of thylakoids?
Chlorophyll.
What is the term for the production of ATP via chemiosmosis during the light reactions?
Photophosphorylation.
What process incorporates CO2 into an organic molecule?
The Calvin Cycle.
What are the wavelengths of light that we can see referred to as?
Visible light.
Light waves are often thought of as discrete particles. What are these particles called?
Photons.
How are energy and wavelength related?
They are inversely related.
What are the three things that can happen to light when it hits a surface?
- Absorption.
- Reflection.
- Transmittance.
The light we see is ( ) everything else is ( ).
Reflected, absorbed or transmitted.
Which photosynthetic pigment is a red/yellow accessory pigment?
Carotenoids.
Which photosynthetic pigment reflects green/yellow light and absorbs violet/blue/orange/red light?
Chlorophyll A.
What happens to electrons when pigment molecules absorb a photon of light?
They become excited. This energizes the electron and makes it unstable. When it returns to the ground state it releases energy (heat).
What are photosystems?
A light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast.
What part of a photosystem accepts an electron from the pigment molecules?
A primary electron acceptor within the reaction-center complex.
During which part of photosynthesis (light reactions or Calvin Cycle) is water split?
Light reactions.
What happens to the H+ and electrons of water split during the light reactions?
The excited electron passes to PS 1 using an ETC. The movement or electrons and H+ allows for ATP production. NADP+ gains H+ and electrons, moves onto the Calvin Cycle.
What are the three stages of the Calvin Cycle?
- Carbon fixation.
- Reduction.
- Regeneration.
During carbon fixation, what molecule is CO2 attached to?
RuBP
What is the end product of the Reduction stage of the Calvin Cycle?
6 G3P molecules.
What happens to RuBP at the end of the Calvin Cycle?
RuBP can then accept CO2, or continue on the metabolic pathway to become glucose.
How are CAM plants different from C3 and C4 plants?
Their stomata close tightly during the day to conserve water.
Which type of plant uses the Calvin Cycle to fix carbon?
C3 plants.
