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Intro to Computer Science (Paul Version) > Chapter 10 - Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What does SQL stand for?

A

Structured Query Language

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2
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

HyperText Markup Language

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3
Q

What does CSS stand for?

A

Cascading Style Sheets

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4
Q

The ___ language, when used, describes what you want to get, not how to do it.

A

SQL

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5
Q

Two different types of programming languages

A

Imperative and Declarative.

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6
Q

What programming language is declarative?

A

SQL

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7
Q

Name three programming languages that are imperative

A

Java, C++, Python

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8
Q

_____ is when you describe each action to take, to eventually create a result for yourself.

A

Imperative

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9
Q

____, contains text and tags. It is a markup language.

A

HTML

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10
Q

What is <ol>?</ol>

A

It is an ordered list, so a list with numbers.

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11
Q

What is ?

A

It is an unordered list, so a list with bullets.

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12
Q

What is Plankalkül?

A

“Plan Calcalus”, a formal programming language/planning system that was never implemented

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13
Q

What does Fortran stand for?

A

Formula Translating System

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14
Q

Who designed Fortran?

A

Developed at IBM in the 1950s by John Backus

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15
Q

What was the First high-level language designed?

A

Plankalkül

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16
Q

What was the First high-level language implemented?

A

Fortran

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17
Q

Which language had control structures similar to assembly language

A

Fortran

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18
Q

What does COBOL stand for?

A

COmmon Business-Oriented Language

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19
Q

Who designed COBOL?

A

Developed by the U.S. Navy in 1959 and 1960 by a group headed by Admiral Grace Murray Hopper

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20
Q

What was the focus of COBOL?

A
  1. Focus on business applications
  2. Inventory or payroll
  3. Master file updated by transaction files: file I/O key
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21
Q

What was an issue for COBOL?

A
  1. Year 2000 (Y2K) issues

2. Required massive updating of old COBOL

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22
Q

What language has a wide use in legacy code (old code still in use)?

A

COBOL

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23
Q

Who developed C?

A

C developed in the early 1970s at AT&T Labs by Dennis Ritchie

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24
Q

Which language has a close connection to UNIX?

A

C

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25
Q

Which language has a focus on system programming?

A

C/C++

26
Q

Which language has high-level constructs when desired and low-level constructs when efficiency is needed?

A

C/C++

27
Q

Who developed C++?

A

It was developed in the early 1980s at AT&T Labs by Bjarne Stroustrup

28
Q

What language would you use to interact with device drivers?

A

C

29
Q

Who developed Ada?

A

Developed in the 1970s for the U.S. military

30
Q

What language was used heavily by Defense Department, Transportation industry, Financial industry, Communications industry

A

Ada

31
Q

Which language has a speciality in Multiprocessing, Strong object-oriented, Safety and reliability

A

Ada

32
Q

Who developed JAVA?

A

Developed by Sun Microsystems Inc. in the early 1990s

33
Q

What was JAVA designed for?

A
  1. Platform independence
  2. Reliability
  3. Security
  4. Graphical user interfaces
34
Q

Which language has strong integration with web browsers

A

JAVA

35
Q

Which programming language can either be applications or applets?

A

Java

36
Q

What are Java Applets?

A

small programs that are accessed from the web and executed using Java Web Start

37
Q

Which language has portability as a key strength?

A

Java

38
Q

What is the Java bytecode interpreter used for?

A

it is used to translate to host machine

39
Q

Who developed Python?

A

Developed by Guido van Rossum in the early 1990s

40
Q

What language is open source?

A

Python

41
Q

Which language is developed for system administrator tasks and web interfaces

A

Python

42
Q

Which language has an interpreted language such that the source code is translated to object code when executed

A

Python

43
Q

Which language has relaxed syntax, easy to use, extensive libraries

A

Python

44
Q

Who developed C#?

A

Developed by Microsoft in 2000

45
Q

T/F? Is C# a Superset to C++

A

False, just a successor. C++ is a superset of C

46
Q

What language has a similar focus to Java in form and goals?

A

C#

47
Q

What language is integrated into the .NET framework

A

C#

48
Q

What is the .NET framework?

A
  1. Microsoft support framework for many languages

2. Large collection of code libraries and tools

49
Q

What is Garbage collection?

A

reclaiming memory for reuse

50
Q

Where are .NET languages compiled?

A

All .NET languages are compiled into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)

51
Q

What compiles the MSIL code?

A

MSIL code is compiled by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler, small program that produces platform-specific object code

52
Q

What are the .Net languages?

A

Ada, COBOL, C++, C#, and Visual Basic .NET

53
Q

What language asks questions about data in a database

A

SQL

54
Q

What language describes the formatting of webpages

A

HTML

55
Q

What language uses lightweight scripting language for active webpages?

A

JavaScript

56
Q

What language is specialized language designed for statistics and graphics?

A

R

57
Q

Who developed SQL?

A

Developed by IBM in 1986

58
Q

What language would you use to find find all names of vendors with whom we do more than $40,000 worth of business

A

SQL

59
Q

What programming contains text to be displayed and tags

A

HTML

60
Q

What language uses mostly angle brackets?

A

HTML

61
Q

What language is embedded in HTML and enables webpages to react to users?

A

JavaScript

62
Q

What is an Event Handler?

A

a function that responds to an event like mouse movement, button clicks, etc.

Intro to Computer Science (Paul Version) (10 decks)

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