Chapter 10 - Notes Flashcards
What does SQL stand for?
Structured Query Language
What does HTML stand for?
HyperText Markup Language
What does CSS stand for?
Cascading Style Sheets
The ___ language, when used, describes what you want to get, not how to do it.
SQL
Two different types of programming languages
Imperative and Declarative.
What programming language is declarative?
SQL
Name three programming languages that are imperative
Java, C++, Python
_____ is when you describe each action to take, to eventually create a result for yourself.
Imperative
____, contains text and tags. It is a markup language.
HTML
What is <ol>?</ol>
It is an ordered list, so a list with numbers.
What is ?
It is an unordered list, so a list with bullets.
What is Plankalkül?
“Plan Calcalus”, a formal programming language/planning system that was never implemented
What does Fortran stand for?
Formula Translating System
Who designed Fortran?
Developed at IBM in the 1950s by John Backus
What was the First high-level language designed?
Plankalkül
What was the First high-level language implemented?
Fortran
Which language had control structures similar to assembly language
Fortran
What does COBOL stand for?
COmmon Business-Oriented Language
Who designed COBOL?
Developed by the U.S. Navy in 1959 and 1960 by a group headed by Admiral Grace Murray Hopper
What was the focus of COBOL?
- Focus on business applications
- Inventory or payroll
- Master file updated by transaction files: file I/O key
What was an issue for COBOL?
- Year 2000 (Y2K) issues
2. Required massive updating of old COBOL
What language has a wide use in legacy code (old code still in use)?
COBOL
Who developed C?
C developed in the early 1970s at AT&T Labs by Dennis Ritchie
Which language has a close connection to UNIX?
C
Which language has a focus on system programming?
C/C++
Which language has high-level constructs when desired and low-level constructs when efficiency is needed?
C/C++
Who developed C++?
It was developed in the early 1980s at AT&T Labs by Bjarne Stroustrup
What language would you use to interact with device drivers?
C
Who developed Ada?
Developed in the 1970s for the U.S. military
What language was used heavily by Defense Department, Transportation industry, Financial industry, Communications industry
Ada
Which language has a speciality in Multiprocessing, Strong object-oriented, Safety and reliability
Ada
Who developed JAVA?
Developed by Sun Microsystems Inc. in the early 1990s
What was JAVA designed for?
- Platform independence
- Reliability
- Security
- Graphical user interfaces
Which language has strong integration with web browsers
JAVA
Which programming language can either be applications or applets?
Java
What are Java Applets?
small programs that are accessed from the web and executed using Java Web Start
Which language has portability as a key strength?
Java
What is the Java bytecode interpreter used for?
it is used to translate to host machine
Who developed Python?
Developed by Guido van Rossum in the early 1990s
What language is open source?
Python
Which language is developed for system administrator tasks and web interfaces
Python
Which language has an interpreted language such that the source code is translated to object code when executed
Python
Which language has relaxed syntax, easy to use, extensive libraries
Python
Who developed C#?
Developed by Microsoft in 2000
T/F? Is C# a Superset to C++
False, just a successor. C++ is a superset of C
What language has a similar focus to Java in form and goals?
C#
What language is integrated into the .NET framework
C#
What is the .NET framework?
- Microsoft support framework for many languages
2. Large collection of code libraries and tools
What is Garbage collection?
reclaiming memory for reuse
Where are .NET languages compiled?
All .NET languages are compiled into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)
What compiles the MSIL code?
MSIL code is compiled by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler, small program that produces platform-specific object code
What are the .Net languages?
Ada, COBOL, C++, C#, and Visual Basic .NET
What language asks questions about data in a database
SQL
What language describes the formatting of webpages
HTML
What language uses lightweight scripting language for active webpages?
JavaScript
What language is specialized language designed for statistics and graphics?
R
Who developed SQL?
Developed by IBM in 1986
What language would you use to find find all names of vendors with whom we do more than $40,000 worth of business
SQL
What programming contains text to be displayed and tags
HTML
What language uses mostly angle brackets?
HTML
What language is embedded in HTML and enables webpages to react to users?
JavaScript
What is an Event Handler?
a function that responds to an event like mouse movement, button clicks, etc.
