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Muscle Physiology > Chapter 10-muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 10-muscles Flashcards

0
Q

Head

A

Each origin is a head

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1
Q

Origin

A

Fixed end. Stationary, proximal end of muscle

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2
Q

Insertion

A

Mobile end. Distal end of muscle attached to the bone undergoing most movement

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3
Q

Belly

A

Muscle between origin and insertion

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4
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Tendons that are long and cable like; broad and sheet like

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5
Q

Agonist

A

A muscle that accomplishes movement. Flexion

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6
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposite to agonist. Relaxes and stretches

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7
Q

Synergist

A

Group of muscles that work together to perform movement

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8
Q

Prime mover

A

Amount a group of synergist, one muscle plays major role in accomplishing movement

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9
Q

Fixators

A

Muscles that hold one bone in place while more distal bone is moved

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10
Q

Circular muscles

A

Orbicularis Otis and orbicularis oculi arrange a circle around an opening. Iris of eye, mouth

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11
Q

Convergent muscles

A

Triangular in shape. Broadly distributed Fascicles that come together at one tendon. Pectoralis major and minor

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12
Q

Parallel muscles

A

Fascicles lie parallel to one another and long axis of the muscle. Trapezius, rhomboideus, rectus abdominis

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13
Q

Pennate muscle

A

Fascicles originate from a tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle. Three patterns.

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14
Q

Patterns of pennate muscle

A

Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

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15
Q

Unipennate

A

Fascicles on only one side of tendon palmar interosseus. Semi membranous.

16
Q

Bipennate

A

Fascicles on both sides of tendon. Rectus femoris

17
Q

Multipennate

A

Fascicles arranged at many places around central tendon. Spread out at angles to many smaller tendons. Deltoid

18
Q

Fusiform

A

Fascicles lie parallel to long axis of muscle. Belly of muscle is larger in diameter than ends. Biceps brachii (2 heads) triceps brachii (3 heads)

19
Q

What geometric shapes can a muscle have?

A

Triangular, quadrate or rectangular, tres (round) rhombus

20
Q

Criteria for naming muscles

A

Location, size, shape, orientation of fasciculi, origin and insertion, number of heads, function.

21
Q

Lever

A

Rigid shaft capable of turning a hinge or pivot point (bone)

22
Q

Fulcrum

A

Hinge or pivot point. (Joint)

23
Q

Weight

A

Resistance.

24
Q

Pull

A

Force

25
Q

Class I lever system

A

Pull—-fulcrum—-weight

Seesaw

26
Q

Class II lever system

A

Pull—- weight in fulcrum

Wheelbarrow

27
Q

Class III lever system

A

Fulcrum—-pull—-weight

Hand on top of shovel is fulcrum
Hand closest to shovel head is pull
Shovel head is weight

Muscle Physiology (3 decks)

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