Chapter 10: Muscle Tissues Flashcards
The muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being A. elastic B. nonstriated C. excitable D. striated
D. Striated
Which element is important in directly triggering contraction?
sodium (Na+)
calcium (Ca++)
potassium (K+)
chloride (Cl-)
Calcium (Ca++)
Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues?
A. excitability
B. the need for ATP
C. at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites
D. elasticity
C. at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites
The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________.
A. fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril
B. filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle
C.muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril
D. myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fascicle
filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle
Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________.
the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate
the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical charge
the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
. In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. titin troponin myoglobin tropomyosin
tropomyosin
According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________.
creatine phosphate levels rise
ATP levels rise
acetylcholine levels rise
calcium ion levels rise
calcium ion levels rise
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. myofibril sarcolemma sarcoplasm myofilament
sarcolemma
Muscle relaxation occurs when ________.
calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when ________.
the myosin head binds to an ADP molecule
the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule
calcium ions bind to troponin
calcium ions bind to actin
the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule
Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________.
myofibrils
myofilaments
T-tubules
sarcomeres
sarcomeres
. During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension the greatest?
resting phase
repolarization phase
contraction phase
relaxation phase
contraction phase
Muscle fatigue is caused by ________.
buildup of ATP and lactic acid levels
exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels
buildup of ATP and pyruvic acid levels
exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of pyruvic acid levels
exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels
A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________.
anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the marathon runner
aerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
glycolysis in the muscles of the marathon runner
anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?
ATPase activity
phosphate bonds
carbon bonds
hydrogen bonds
phosphate bonds
Drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug?
by absorbing ATP from the bloodstream
by using ADP as an energy source
by using glycogen as an energy source
none of the above
none of the above
The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________.
80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
Which of the following statements is true?
Fast fibers have a small diameter.
Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils.
Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.
Fast fibers have many mitochondria.
Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.
Which of the following statements is false?
Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.
Slow fibers contain the pigment myoglobin.
Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria.
Slow fibers contract for extended periods.
Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.
Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that they ________.
are striated
utilize aerobic metabolism
contain myofibrils
contain intercalated discs
contain intercalated discs
. If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________.
undergo glycolysis
synthesize ATP
stop contracting
start contracting
start contracting
Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. lack myofibrils are under voluntary control lack myosin lack actin
lack myofibrils
Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?
They are resistant to fatigue.
They have a rapid onset of contractions.
They cannot exhibit tetanus.
They primarily use anaerobic metabolism.
They are resistant to fatigue.
From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue develop?
ganglion cells
myotube cells
myoblast cells
satellite cells
myoblast cells
Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?
ganglion cells
myotube cells
myoblast cells
satellite cells
satellite cells
Why is elasticity an important quality of muscle tissue?
It allows muscle to return to its original length during relaxation after contraction
What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed?
Muscles would lose their integrity during powerful movements, resulting in muscle damage
Describe how tendons facilitate body movement.
When a muscle contracts, the force of movement is transmitted through the tendon, which pulls on the bone to produce skeletal movement.
Identify and characterize the four functions of all muscle tissue.
excitability.
contractility.
extensibility - they can be stretched.
elasticity - they return to normal length after stretching.
Deep inward extensions of the sarcolemma form a tunnel which is like a network inside the muscle which is known as?
A. sarcomere
B. calcium
C. Transverse tubules (T tubules)
Transverse tubules (T tubules)
What causes the unbinding and binding that makes sarcomeres contract and relax?
Myosin and action use calcium and ATP that causes binding and unbending
A muscle contracting is all about what happening?
Sarcomeres contracting which brings the z-lines closer together
What is muscle fatigue?
Inability of muscle to contract forcefully after prolonged activity
What are three ways for muscle to produce ATP?
- Creatine phosphate
- Anaerobic cellular respiration
- Aerobic cellular respiration
What is autohymicity?
A unique feature of cardiac muscle cells. These cells are able to generate the action potential at a certain rate without any external stimulus
What is a unique trait of cardiac muscle?
Intercalated discs
What protein doesnt belong in a thin filament?
Myosin
What is atrophy
A loss in size and strength of muscle fibers
