Chapter 10: Intelligence

Question 1

What are the three fundamental problems facing the current intelligence researcher?

Answer 1

(1) conceptualizing intelligence
(2) measuring individual differences
(3) discovering sources of intelligence

Question 2

The ________ _____ perspective of intelligence defines it as the ability to solve the problems that are unique to your environment.

Answer 2

adaptive mind

Question 3

What is the advantage and disadvantage of the adaptive mind perspective of intelligence?

Answer 3

adv: doesn’t restrict intelligence only to humans
disadv: doesn’t account for individual differences

Question 4

Define psychometrics.

Answer 4

the use of tests to measure the mind and mental processes

Question 5

Which psychologist, known as the pioneer of intellectual measures, who believed intelligence was hereditary?

Answer 5

Sir Francis Galton

Question 6

Charles Spearman is most famous for development of _______ ________ and the concept of ______.

Answer 6

factor analysis, g

Question 7

Factor analysis allows us to put an ________ ________ on the degree of relatedness amongst items or abilities.

Answer 7

objective number

Question 8

_________ ________ is a statistical procedure that groups together related items on tests by analyzing the correlations among test scores.

Answer 8

Factor analysis

Question 9

What is the difference between Spearman’s g and s variables?

Answer 9

g=general intelligence=suggests performance on a variety of mental tests

s=specific intelligence=unique to and particular to a kind of test

Question 10

L.L. Thurstone is most famous for the postulation of _________ ___________.

Answer 10

hierarchical intelligence

Question 11

Describe hierarchical intelligence.

Answer 11

There are 7 different types of primary mental abilities that different individuals excel in to various degrees. There is no one “g” that directly determines intelligence, but rather a “g” that is made up of subfactors that may operate independently of one another.

Question 12

Cattel and Horn proposed that “g” is made up of 2 factors. Name and describe them both.

Answer 12

fluid intelligence: natural ability to solve problems/reason/remember that is relatively unaffected by experience, tends to decrease with age

crystallized intelligence: knowledge and abilities acquired as a result of experience, tends to increase with age

Question 13

Howard Gardner’s approach to conceptualizing intelligence was the proposition of __________ ___________.

Answer 13

multiple intelligences

Question 14

Which idea from another famous psychologist did Gardner reject with his multiple intelligence theory?

Answer 14

g

Question 15

What were Sternberg’s 3 proposed intelligences? These three combine to form which theory of intelligence?

Answer 15

analytical, creative, practical

Triarchic Theory

Question 16

Which of Sternberg’s intelligences is associated with common sense, or “street smarts”?

Answer 16

practical

Question 17

Which of Sternberg’s intelligences is associated with an ease of ability to overcome functional fixedness, good ability to apply knowledge, and ease of ability to connect information from different areas?

Answer 17

creative

Question 18

Which of Sternberg’s intelligences is associated with strong test taking skills, logistical thinking, reasoning, and processing of information?

Answer 18

analytical

Question 19

What are three characteristics of good intelligence tests?

Answer 19

reliability-similar results with repeated test of same person

validity-test measures what it is supposed to

standardization-everyone tested, scored, and interpreted the same way

Question 20

What are the three types of validity?

Answer 20

content validity-was a broad sample of interest tested?

predictive validity-how good the test is at predicting a future outcome

construct validity-how well test applies to a theoretical construct