Chapter 10: Intelligence Flashcards
What are the three fundamental problems facing the current intelligence researcher?
(1) conceptualizing intelligence
(2) measuring individual differences
(3) discovering sources of intelligence
The ________ _____ perspective of intelligence defines it as the ability to solve the problems that are unique to your environment.
adaptive mind
What is the advantage and disadvantage of the adaptive mind perspective of intelligence?
adv: doesn’t restrict intelligence only to humans
disadv: doesn’t account for individual differences
Define psychometrics.
the use of tests to measure the mind and mental processes
Which psychologist, known as the pioneer of intellectual measures, who believed intelligence was hereditary?
Sir Francis Galton
Charles Spearman is most famous for development of _______ ________ and the concept of ______.
factor analysis, g
Factor analysis allows us to put an ________ ________ on the degree of relatedness amongst items or abilities.
objective number
_________ ________ is a statistical procedure that groups together related items on tests by analyzing the correlations among test scores.
Factor analysis
What is the difference between Spearman’s g and s variables?
g=general intelligence=suggests performance on a variety of mental tests
s=specific intelligence=unique to and particular to a kind of test
L.L. Thurstone is most famous for the postulation of _________ ___________.
hierarchical intelligence
Describe hierarchical intelligence.
There are 7 different types of primary mental abilities that different individuals excel in to various degrees. There is no one “g” that directly determines intelligence, but rather a “g” that is made up of subfactors that may operate independently of one another.
Cattel and Horn proposed that “g” is made up of 2 factors. Name and describe them both.
fluid intelligence: natural ability to solve problems/reason/remember that is relatively unaffected by experience, tends to decrease with age
crystallized intelligence: knowledge and abilities acquired as a result of experience, tends to increase with age
Howard Gardner’s approach to conceptualizing intelligence was the proposition of __________ ___________.
multiple intelligences
Which idea from another famous psychologist did Gardner reject with his multiple intelligence theory?
g
What were Sternberg’s 3 proposed intelligences? These three combine to form which theory of intelligence?
analytical, creative, practical
Triarchic Theory
Which of Sternberg’s intelligences is associated with common sense, or “street smarts”?
practical
Which of Sternberg’s intelligences is associated with an ease of ability to overcome functional fixedness, good ability to apply knowledge, and ease of ability to connect information from different areas?
creative
Which of Sternberg’s intelligences is associated with strong test taking skills, logistical thinking, reasoning, and processing of information?
analytical
What are three characteristics of good intelligence tests?
reliability-similar results with repeated test of same person
validity-test measures what it is supposed to
standardization-everyone tested, scored, and interpreted the same way
What are the three types of validity?
content validity-was a broad sample of interest tested?
predictive validity-how good the test is at predicting a future outcome
construct validity-how well test applies to a theoretical construct
