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Immunology - Test 3 AH > Chapter 10 - Functions of CD4 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Functions of CD4 Flashcards

0
Q

what is present in all T cells?

A

CD3

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1
Q

what do the alpha/beta TCRs recognize?

A

peptides with the MHC and the MHC itself

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2
Q

do alpha and beta chains have short or long intracellular domains?

A

very short

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3
Q

Are Langerhan’s cells immature or mature DCs?

Do they express high levels of B7?

A

immature

NO

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4
Q

Where are gamma delta T cells located?

A

at the interface between the environment and the body

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5
Q

what is the T Cell growth factor?

A

IL-2

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6
Q

Do naive t cells have the IL-2R?

what do activated t cells produce?

A

NO

IL-2 and IL-2R

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7
Q

What is an additional function of IL-2?

A

enhances resistance of activated T cells to apoptosis

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8
Q

What are Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells?

A

CD4+ helper cells

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9
Q

What drives Th1 differentiation and what do Th1 cells secrete?

what are the immune reactions it is involved in?

A

IL-12 and secrete IFN-gamma

Macrophage activation and IgG production

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10
Q

what kind of host defense is Th1?

what role does it play in disease?

A

intracellular microbes

autoimmune diseases, chronic infections

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11
Q

What stimulates Th2 differentiation and what cytokines does it secrete?

what kind of host defense?

A

IL-4 and secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

helminthic parasites

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12
Q

What immune reactions for Th2 and what role in disease?

A

Mast cells, eosinophil activation, IgE production

allergic diseases

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13
Q

What drives Th17 differentiation? What does it secrete?

what kind of host defense?

A

IL-23 and secretes IL-17, IL-22

extracellular bacteria, fungi

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14
Q

what immune reactions for Th17? what role in diseases?

A

neutrophilic, monocytic inflammation

autoimmune inflammatory diseases

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15
Q

What kind of immune response do Th1 cells activate?
Th2?
Th17?

A

cell-mediated
Ab-mediated
inflammation and anti-bacteria

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16
Q

What does Th1 activate?

A

macrophages and induces B cells to produce opsonizing antibodies to activate the complement system

17
Q

What does PRR-signaling cause?

A

activation and maturation of APC

18
Q

IL-12 produce by DCs and macrophages activate what TFs to stimulate differentiation of naive CD4 T cells to Th1 cells?

A

T-bet, STAT1 and STAT4

19
Q

IL-4 produced by act. T cells or mast cells activates what TFs for differentiation to Th2 cells?

A

GATA3 and STAT6

20
Q

IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23 activate what TFs for differentiation of Th17 cells?

A

RORgammat and STAT3

21
Q

What does TGF-beta do?

A

helps promote Th17 by inhibiting Th1 and Th2

22
Q

What stimulates differentiation from a Naive CD4+ cell to a Regulatory T cell?

A

TGF-beta

23
Q

what TF do T-regulatory cells express?

A

FoxP3

24
Q

what does IL-4 do?

A

stimulates B cell Ig heavy chain class switching to the IgE isotype (isotype switching)

25
Q

what does IL-5 do?

A

activates eosinophils, stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils

26
Q

what does IL-13 do?

A

defends against helminths and allergic diseases, recruits leukocytes
stimulates mucous productions by airway epithelial cells

27
Q

what does IL-17 do?

A

protects against extracellular pathogens.

helps in inflammation and autoimmunity

28
Q

Th1 cells utilize what in cell-mediated immunity?

Th2 for humoral?

A

effector mechanisms

Abs

29
Q

what is the macrophage response to TNF and IL-1?

IL-12?

A

leukocyte recruitment (inflammation)

Th1 differentiation and IFN-gamma production

30
Q

What activates the classical macrophage pathway?

what are its functions?

A

IFN-gamma

microbicidal actions and inflammation

31
Q

What activates the alternative macrophage pathway?

what are the functions?

A

IL-4 and IL-13

IL-10 and TGF-beta stimulate anti-inflammatory effects, wound repair of CT, and fibrosis

32
Q

how are CD8 T cells activated?

A

in the LN by DCs loaded with Ags

33
Q

Gamma delta T cells do or do not express CD4/CD8 co-receptors?

A

Do NOT

34
Q

where are gamma-delta T cells found?

A

intestine, uterus and tongue

35
Q

what are the functions of gamma-delta T cells?

A

1st line of defense
regulatory cells
bridge gap between innate and adaptive responses

36
Q

Gamma delta TCRs are ____ than alpha beta TCRs

what do gamma delta TCRs recognize?

A

much less diverse

unpresented Ags

37
Q

what are NKT cells?

what do they recognize?

where are they presented?

A

heterogeneous group of T cells

self and foreign lipids and glycolipids

non-polymorphic CD1d molecule

38
Q

what do activated NKT produce?

A

IFN-gamma, IL-4, and GM-CSF

39
Q

what does dysfunction of NKT lead to?

A

autoimmunity (diabetes or atherosclerosis)
cancers
asthma progression

Immunology - Test 3 AH (6 decks)

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