Chapter 10 - Functions of CD4

Question 0

what is present in all T cells?

Answer 0

CD3

Question 1

what do the alpha/beta TCRs recognize?

Answer 1

peptides with the MHC and the MHC itself

Question 2

do alpha and beta chains have short or long intracellular domains?

Answer 2

very short

Question 3

Are Langerhan’s cells immature or mature DCs?

Do they express high levels of B7?

Answer 3

immature

NO

Question 4

Where are gamma delta T cells located?

Answer 4

at the interface between the environment and the body

Question 5

what is the T Cell growth factor?

Answer 5

IL-2

Question 6

Do naive t cells have the IL-2R?

what do activated t cells produce?

Answer 6

NO

IL-2 and IL-2R

Question 7

What is an additional function of IL-2?

Answer 7

enhances resistance of activated T cells to apoptosis

Question 8

What are Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells?

Answer 8

CD4+ helper cells

Question 9

What drives Th1 differentiation and what do Th1 cells secrete?

what are the immune reactions it is involved in?

Answer 9

IL-12 and secrete IFN-gamma

Macrophage activation and IgG production

Question 10

what kind of host defense is Th1?

what role does it play in disease?

Answer 10

intracellular microbes

autoimmune diseases, chronic infections

Question 11

What stimulates Th2 differentiation and what cytokines does it secrete?

what kind of host defense?

Answer 11

IL-4 and secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

helminthic parasites

Question 12

What immune reactions for Th2 and what role in disease?

Answer 12

Mast cells, eosinophil activation, IgE production

allergic diseases

Question 13

What drives Th17 differentiation? What does it secrete?

what kind of host defense?

Answer 13

IL-23 and secretes IL-17, IL-22

extracellular bacteria, fungi

Question 14

what immune reactions for Th17? what role in diseases?

Answer 14

neutrophilic, monocytic inflammation

autoimmune inflammatory diseases

Question 15

What kind of immune response do Th1 cells activate?
Th2?
Th17?

Answer 15

cell-mediated
Ab-mediated
inflammation and anti-bacteria

Question 16

What does Th1 activate?

Answer 16

macrophages and induces B cells to produce opsonizing antibodies to activate the complement system

Question 17

What does PRR-signaling cause?

Answer 17

activation and maturation of APC

Question 18

IL-12 produce by DCs and macrophages activate what TFs to stimulate differentiation of naive CD4 T cells to Th1 cells?

Answer 18

T-bet, STAT1 and STAT4

Question 19

IL-4 produced by act. T cells or mast cells activates what TFs for differentiation to Th2 cells?

Answer 19

GATA3 and STAT6

Question 20

IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23 activate what TFs for differentiation of Th17 cells?

Answer 20

RORgammat and STAT3

Question 21

What does TGF-beta do?

Answer 21

helps promote Th17 by inhibiting Th1 and Th2

Question 22

What stimulates differentiation from a Naive CD4+ cell to a Regulatory T cell?

Answer 22

TGF-beta

Question 23

what TF do T-regulatory cells express?

Answer 23

FoxP3

Question 24

what does IL-4 do?

Answer 24

stimulates B cell Ig heavy chain class switching to the IgE isotype (isotype switching)

Question 25

what does IL-5 do?

Answer 25

activates eosinophils, stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils

Question 26

what does IL-13 do?

Answer 26

defends against helminths and allergic diseases, recruits leukocytes stimulates mucous productions by airway epithelial cells

Question 27

what does IL-17 do?

Answer 27

protects against extracellular pathogens. | helps in inflammation and autoimmunity

Question 28

Th1 cells utilize what in cell-mediated immunity? Th2 for humoral?

Answer 28

effector mechanisms Abs

Question 29

what is the macrophage response to TNF and IL-1? IL-12?

Answer 29

leukocyte recruitment (inflammation) Th1 differentiation and IFN-gamma production

Question 30

What activates the classical macrophage pathway? what are its functions?

Answer 30

IFN-gamma microbicidal actions and inflammation

Question 31

What activates the alternative macrophage pathway? what are the functions?

Answer 31

IL-4 and IL-13 IL-10 and TGF-beta stimulate anti-inflammatory effects, wound repair of CT, and fibrosis

Question 32

how are CD8 T cells activated?

Answer 32

in the LN by DCs loaded with Ags

Question 33

Gamma delta T cells do or do not express CD4/CD8 co-receptors?

Answer 33

Do NOT

Question 34

where are gamma-delta T cells found?

Answer 34

intestine, uterus and tongue

Question 35

what are the functions of gamma-delta T cells?

Answer 35

1st line of defense regulatory cells bridge gap between innate and adaptive responses

Question 36

Gamma delta TCRs are ____ than alpha beta TCRs what do gamma delta TCRs recognize?

Answer 36

much less diverse unpresented Ags

Question 37

what are NKT cells? what do they recognize? where are they presented?

Answer 37

heterogeneous group of T cells self and foreign lipids and glycolipids non-polymorphic CD1d molecule

Question 38

what do activated NKT produce?

Answer 38

IFN-gamma, IL-4, and GM-CSF

Question 39

what does dysfunction of NKT lead to?

Answer 39

autoimmunity (diabetes or atherosclerosis) cancers asthma progression