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Clinical Procedures 2 > Chapter 10: EKG Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 10: EKG Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of leads are standard leads?

A

Bipolar

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2
Q

what are bipolar leads?

A

they measure 2 directions at the same time, using 2 limb electrodes to record the electrical activity give off by the heart

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3
Q

what do the standard leads consist of?

A

Lead I, Lead II, Lead 3

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4
Q

What does Lead 1 do?

A

Records electrical activity from RA (-) to the LA (+)

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5
Q

what kind of wave does lead 1 produce?

A

positive wave

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6
Q

what does lead 2 do?

A

records electrical activity from RA (-) to the LL (+)

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7
Q

what does lead 2 produce?

A

positive upward deflection

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8
Q

what does lead 3 do?

A

records electrical activity from LA(-) to LL (+)

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9
Q

what kind of leads are augmented leads?

A

unipolar

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10
Q

what are unipolar leads?

A

measure 1 electrode on the body, measured in one direction only

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11
Q

what are the types of augmented leads?

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

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12
Q

what does lead aVR do?

A

records the electrical activity from midway between LA and LL to the RA

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13
Q

aVR has what kind of deflection?

A

negative

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14
Q

what does lead aVL do?

A

records electricity from midpoint between RA & LL to the LA

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15
Q

what does lead aVF do?

A

records the electrical activity from midpoint between RA & LA to the LL

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16
Q

another name for the chest leads

A

precordial

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17
Q

how do leads 1, 2, 3 & aVR, aVL, aFV record voltage?

A

side to side or from top to bottom of the heart

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18
Q

what kind of leads are precordial leads?

A

UNIPOLAR

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19
Q

what are unipolar leads?

A

measure 1 electrode on the body; measured in 1 direction only

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20
Q

how many precordial leads are there and where are they placed?

A

6 leads placed on the chest

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21
Q

what are the names of the 6 precordial leads?

A

v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6

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22
Q

what do the 6 leads do?

A

record the activity between 6 points on the chest and within the heart

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23
Q

what do the PQRS waves represent?

A

depolarization

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24
Q

what does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization and contraction

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25
Q

what does the QRS wave represent?

A

ventricular depolarization and contraction

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26
Q

what does the T wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarization (electrical recovery)

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27
Q

what is depolarization?

A

contraction of stimulated heart muscle

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28
Q

what is repolarization?

A

reaching the resting state before the contraction of the heart muscle happens again

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29
Q

How to calculate ABI

A

Highest Pressure in right foot
______________________
Highest Pressure in Both Arms

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30
Q

Why calculate ABI?

A

a way of diagnosing peripheral artery disease

31
Q

What is a Holter monitor?

A

Ambulatory ECG devices that is small, wearable & portable for cardiac monitoring

32
Q

how long is a holter monitor worn usually?

A

24-48 hours

33
Q

what is a holter monitor used for?

A

to check heart rhythm to figure out irregular heart rhythms

34
Q

Spirometry def…

A

measurement of lung capacity, volume, and flow rates used in evaluation of asthma, broncitis, COPD & emphysema

35
Q

coaching a patient for spirometry…

A

Fill lungs, hold breath, make a seal around the tube, blow hard and fast, keep blowing 5-4-3-2-1

36
Q

why would spirometry be ordered?

A
  • screening test for pulmonary obstruction
  • check lung capacity
  • diagnose conditions like asthma
37
Q

what is a peak flow?

A

measurement of expiratory effort. persons max speed of expiration used to measure patient’s ability to breath out

38
Q

how many times is peak flow done and how do you get number?

A
  • it is done 3 times

- number is the average of the 3 blows

39
Q

what is a normal sinus rhythm?

A

normal heart rhythm and normal EKG

40
Q

what are artifacts?

A

interferences or issues when conducting an EKG

41
Q

what is another name for muscle artifact?

A

somatic tremor

42
Q

how would you correct muscle artifact?

A
  • have patient sit on their hands

- provide blanket if patient is cold

43
Q

how would you correct wandering baseline artifact?

A

-have the patient hold their breath for 15 seconds if the patients rising/falling chest is causing drift

44
Q

how would you correct AC interference?

A

If the power cord is running under the exam table, find another plug or move the table

45
Q

how would you correct interrupted baseline interference?

A
  • if the electrode is not making contact because of hair , shave the site and reapply new electrode
  • apply hypoallergenic tape to reinforce electrodes
46
Q

what is the normal heart rate?

A

-60-100 BPM

47
Q

what is the normal respiratory rate?

A

12-24 RPM

48
Q

what is the ground lead?

A

right leg

49
Q

fibrillation

A

life threatening condition

50
Q

FET

A

forced expiratory time

51
Q

FVC

A

forced vital capacity

52
Q

FEV1

A

forced volume in first second

53
Q

FEV1/FVC ration

A

volume inhaled in the first second divided by total volume exhaled

54
Q

tachycardia

A

fast heart rate

55
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase in the heart

56
Q

systole

A

contracting phase of the heart

57
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

58
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

59
Q

where are the leg leads placed?

A

mid-inner calf

60
Q

where are the arm leads placed?

A

inner bicep

61
Q

where is the V1 lead placed?

A

4th intercostal next to sternum

62
Q

where is the v2 lead placed?

A

4th intercostal (across from V1)

63
Q

where is the v4 lead placed?

A

mid clavicle 5th intercostal

64
Q

where is the v3 lead placed?

A

midway between v2 & v4 in diagonal

65
Q

where is the v6 lead placed?

A

midaxillary “straight” across from v4

66
Q

where is the v5 lead placed?

A

in line “middle” with v4 & v6

67
Q

what order are the v1-v6 leads placed?

A
  • v1
  • v2
  • v4
  • v3
  • v6
  • v5
68
Q

what is the conduction of the heart?

A
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Bundle of HIS
  • R+L Bundle Branch
  • Purkinje Fibers
69
Q

what is the blood flow of the heart?

A
  • Inferior/superior vena cava
  • Right atrium
  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Right Ventricle
  • Pulmonary Valve
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Lungs
  • Pulmonary Vein
  • Left Atrium
  • Bicuspid Valve
  • Left Ventricle
  • Aortic Valve
  • Aorta
70
Q

what is the measurement for amplitude adjusted standardization?

A

10 mm

71
Q

how wide is each square on EKG paper?

A

25 mm.

72
Q

what does the septum do?

A

divides heart into two sides

73
Q

what do the atria do?

A

upper chambers receive blood from body & lungs

74
Q

what do the ventricles do?

A

send blood to lungs and body

Clinical Procedures 2 (3 decks)

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