Chapter 10- Earth's Surface Flashcards
The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces is _______.
Weathering
What are solid particles that are moved from one place to another?
Sediments
What kind of weathering takes place when forces such as water and ice break down rock?
Mechanical weathering
What kind of weathering happens when the actual minerals that make up the rock change?
Chemical weathering
What is the process by which soil and sediments are transferred from one location to another?
Erosion
What is the process of adding sediments to a new place after being carried from another?
Deposition
About how much salt do rivers carry each year?
About 4 billion tons
How does water shape earths landscapes?
By breaking down rocks which makes sediments and they move from place to place.
What is the source of much salt in ocean water?
Rivers.
Why do sediments settle out of water as it slows down?
As the water slows down it was less energy. It can’t carry as much sediment.
What are 4 wave characteristics?
Crest, trough, amplitude, as wavelength
True or false?
Water that freezes in cracks of rocks can split them.
True
True or false?
Plant roots help break down rocks and hold soil in place.
True
Farmers have learned to plant cover crops to prevent soil ______.
Erosion
Canyons are formed by ______ _____.
Moving water
True or false?
A floodplain is likely to have poor soil.
False
What is the agent of erosion that forms sand dunes?
Wind.
How do drought conditions cause the soil to be easily eroded by wind?
If there is no water in the soil it will be easy to blow away.
What is a floodplain?
Part of the landscape that is likely to receive the overflow water and sediment from a flooded river.
As water slows down, does it have more or less energy?
Less energy.
What kind of sediments do waves carry?
Stones and sand
How are sandbars created?
By the movement of water, it can move materials from the shoreline to an area in the water away from the shore.
Where does black sand come from?
Hawaii.
Water flows in a river because of _______.
Gravity
How do erosion and deposition affect beaches?
Erosion blows the sand dunes down
Describe 2 examples of mechanical weathering.
- Water goes into cracks of rocks and freezes. Then it expands the rock.
- Soil grows in cracks of rocks. Plants grow. The roots push the cracks open.
Describe how water running downhill is the main process that shapes Earth’s landscapes.
Over years, water digs deeper into earth’s surface to form deep canyons.
