Chapter 10 - Deviance And Crime Flashcards
Low-consensus deviance
Behaviours or characteristics about which there is considerable disagreement over whether they are deviant or not
Social control
Actions that are intended to punish, “fix”, or prevent deviant behaviour
Criminologists
Researchers who specialize in the study of crime, which is a specific form of deviant behaviour
Criminology
The academic discipline that focuses on the study of crime and those labelled as criminals, and is considered to be either a subdiscipline within sociology or a discipline related to sociology
Crime
A specific form of deviance that involves the violation of criminal law
Summary conviction offences
Less serious criminal offences that are punishable by a maximum of two years in prison and/or a $2,000 fine
Indictable conviction offences
More serious criminal offences punishable by more than two years in prison
Violent crimes
Criminal offences that involve physical harm to another person
Property crimes
Criminal offences that are directed at someone’s property, rather than at someone’s physical person
Victimless crime
Criminal offences that involve consensual relations in the exchange of illegal goods or services
White-collar crime
Criminal offences involving the misappropriation of financial resources
Corporate crime
Criminal offences carried out by organizations or by knowledgeable employees in the course of their employment
Organized crime
Two or more persons consorting together on a continual basis to participate in illegal activities, either directly or indirectly, for gain
Internet crime
Criminal offences that take place online
Criminal justice system
The social institution responsible for the apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of criminal offenders
Retribution
A morally justified consequence
Abolitionism
A movement calling for the dismantling of the criminal justice system
Restorative justice
An approach to justice emphasizing healing and reparation of harm
Institutionalized goals
The goals that we are supposed to aspire to in contemporary society
Legitimate means
The socially accepted ways of attaining wealth, power, and prestige
Techniques
The skills needed to engage in either deviant or conforming behaviour
Motives
The reasons for engaging in either deviant or conforming behaviour
Techniques of neutralization
Rationalization that allow us to justify our behaviour to others and to ourselves
Primary deviance
The little acts of deviance that many of us engage in occasionally
Secondary deviance
Chronic deviance as a lifestyle
Stigmatization
The process by which individuals are excluded because of particular behaviours/characteristics
Self-surveillance
Monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant
High-consensus deviance
Behaviours or characteristics that are widely accepted as being deviant and in need of social control
